driver_lib module¶
Driver library¶
A driver library aims to solve an DriverLib
using a particular algorithm from a particular family of numerical methods.
This algorithm will be in charge of evaluating the objective and constraints
functions at different points of the design space, using the
DriverLib.execute()
method.
The most famous kinds of numerical methods to solve an optimization problem
are optimization algorithms and design of experiments (DOE). A DOE driver
browses the design space agnostically, i.e. without taking into
account the function evaluations. On the contrary, an optimization algorithm
uses this information to make the journey through design space
as relevant as possible in order to reach as soon as possible the optimum.
These families are implemented in DOELibrary
and OptimizationLibrary
.
Classes:
Abstract class for DOE & optimization libraries interfaces. |
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Extend tqdm progress bar with better time units. |
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Redirect tqdm output to the gemseo logger. |
- class gemseo.algos.driver_lib.DriverLib[source]¶
Bases:
object
Abstract class for DOE & optimization libraries interfaces.
Lists available methods in the library for the proposed problem to be solved.
To integrate an optimization package, inherit from this class and put your file in gemseo.algos.doe or gemseo.algo.opt packages.
Constructor.
Attributes:
Return the available algorithms.
Methods:
driver_has_option
(option_key)Checks if the option key exists.
ensure_bounds
(orig_func[, normalize])Project the design vector onto the design space before execution.
execute
(problem[, algo_name])Executes the driver.
filter_adapted_algorithms
(problem)Filters the algorithms capable of solving the problem.
Finalize the iteration observer.
get_optimum_from_database
([message, status])Retrieves the optimum from the database and builds an optimization result object from it.
get_x0_and_bounds_vects
(normalize_ds)Gets x0, bounds, normalized or not depending on algo options, all as numpy arrays.
init_iter_observer
(max_iter, message)Initialize the iteration observer.
init_options_grammar
(algo_name)Initializes the options grammar.
is_algo_requires_grad
(algo_name)Returns True if the algorithm requires a gradient evaluation.
is_algorithm_suited
(algo_dict, problem)Checks if the algorithm is suited to the problem according to its algo dict.
Callback called at each new iteration, ie every time a design vector that is not already in the database is proposed by the optimizer.
- COMPLEX_STEP_METHOD = 'complex_step'¶
- DESCRIPTION = 'description'¶
- DIFFERENTIATION_METHODS = ['user', 'complex_step', 'finite_differences']¶
- EQ_TOLERANCE = 'eq_tolerance'¶
- FINITE_DIFF_METHOD = 'finite_differences'¶
- HANDLE_EQ_CONS = 'handle_equality_constraints'¶
- HANDLE_INEQ_CONS = 'handle_inequality_constraints'¶
- INEQ_TOLERANCE = 'ineq_tolerance'¶
- INTERNAL_NAME = 'internal_algo_name'¶
- LIB = 'lib'¶
- MAX_DS_SIZE_PRINT = 40¶
- MAX_TIME = 'max_time'¶
- NORMALIZE_DESIGN_SPACE_OPTION = 'normalize_design_space'¶
- OPTIONS_DIR = 'options'¶
- OPTIONS_MAP = {}¶
- POSITIVE_CONSTRAINTS = 'positive_constraints'¶
- PROBLEM_TYPE = 'problem_type'¶
- REQUIRE_GRAD = 'require_grad'¶
- ROUND_INTS_OPTION = 'round_ints'¶
- USER_DEFINED_GRADIENT = 'user'¶
- USE_DATABASE_OPTION = 'use_database'¶
- WEBSITE = 'website'¶
- property algorithms¶
Return the available algorithms.
- driver_has_option(option_key)[source]¶
Checks if the option key exists.
- Parameters
option_key – the name of the option
- Returns
True if the option is in the grammar
- ensure_bounds(orig_func, normalize=True)[source]¶
Project the design vector onto the design space before execution.
- Parameters
orig_func – the original function
normalize – if True, use the normalized design space
- Returns
the wrapped function
- execute(problem, algo_name=None, **options)[source]¶
Executes the driver.
- Parameters
problem – the problem to be solved
algo_name – name of the algorithm if None, use self.algo_name which may have been set by the factory (Default value = None)
options – the options dict for the algorithm
- filter_adapted_algorithms(problem)[source]¶
Filters the algorithms capable of solving the problem.
- Parameters
problem – the opt_problem to be solved
- Returns
the list of adapted algorithms names
- get_optimum_from_database(message=None, status=None)[source]¶
Retrieves the optimum from the database and builds an optimization result object from it.
- Parameters
message – Default value = None)
status – Default value = None)
- get_x0_and_bounds_vects(normalize_ds)[source]¶
Gets x0, bounds, normalized or not depending on algo options, all as numpy arrays.
- Parameters
normalize_ds – if True, normalizes all input vars that are not integers, according to design space normalization policy
- Returns
x, lower bounds, upper bounds
- init_iter_observer(max_iter, message)[source]¶
Initialize the iteration observer.
It will handle the stopping criterion and the logging of the progress bar.
- Parameters
max_iter – maximum number of calls
message – message to display at the beginning
- init_options_grammar(algo_name)[source]¶
Initializes the options grammar.
- Parameters
algo_name – name of the algorithm
- is_algo_requires_grad(algo_name)[source]¶
Returns True if the algorithm requires a gradient evaluation.
- Parameters
algo_name – name of the algorithm
- class gemseo.algos.driver_lib.ProgressBar(*_, **__)[source]¶
Bases:
tqdm.std.tqdm
Extend tqdm progress bar with better time units.
Use hour, day or week for slower processes.
- Parameters
iterable (iterable, optional) – Iterable to decorate with a progressbar. Leave blank to manually manage the updates.
desc (str, optional) – Prefix for the progressbar.
total (int or float, optional) – The number of expected iterations. If unspecified, len(iterable) is used if possible. If float(“inf”) or as a last resort, only basic progress statistics are displayed (no ETA, no progressbar). If gui is True and this parameter needs subsequent updating, specify an initial arbitrary large positive number, e.g. 9e9.
leave (bool, optional) – If [default: True], keeps all traces of the progressbar upon termination of iteration. If None, will leave only if position is 0.
file (io.TextIOWrapper or io.StringIO, optional) – Specifies where to output the progress messages (default: sys.stderr). Uses file.write(str) and file.flush() methods. For encoding, see write_bytes.
ncols (int, optional) – The width of the entire output message. If specified, dynamically resizes the progressbar to stay within this bound. If unspecified, attempts to use environment width. The fallback is a meter width of 10 and no limit for the counter and statistics. If 0, will not print any meter (only stats).
mininterval (float, optional) – Minimum progress display update interval [default: 0.1] seconds.
maxinterval (float, optional) – Maximum progress display update interval [default: 10] seconds. Automatically adjusts miniters to correspond to mininterval after long display update lag. Only works if dynamic_miniters or monitor thread is enabled.
miniters (int or float, optional) – Minimum progress display update interval, in iterations. If 0 and dynamic_miniters, will automatically adjust to equal mininterval (more CPU efficient, good for tight loops). If > 0, will skip display of specified number of iterations. Tweak this and mininterval to get very efficient loops. If your progress is erratic with both fast and slow iterations (network, skipping items, etc) you should set miniters=1.
ascii (bool or str, optional) – If unspecified or False, use unicode (smooth blocks) to fill the meter. The fallback is to use ASCII characters ” 123456789#”.
disable (bool, optional) – Whether to disable the entire progressbar wrapper [default: False]. If set to None, disable on non-TTY.
unit (str, optional) – String that will be used to define the unit of each iteration [default: it].
unit_scale (bool or int or float, optional) – If 1 or True, the number of iterations will be reduced/scaled automatically and a metric prefix following the International System of Units standard will be added (kilo, mega, etc.) [default: False]. If any other non-zero number, will scale total and n.
dynamic_ncols (bool, optional) – If set, constantly alters ncols and nrows to the environment (allowing for window resizes) [default: False].
smoothing (float, optional) – Exponential moving average smoothing factor for speed estimates (ignored in GUI mode). Ranges from 0 (average speed) to 1 (current/instantaneous speed) [default: 0.3].
bar_format (str, optional) –
Specify a custom bar string formatting. May impact performance. [default: ‘{l_bar}{bar}{r_bar}’], where l_bar=’{desc}: {percentage:3.0f}%|’ and r_bar=’| {n_fmt}/{total_fmt} [{elapsed}<{remaining}, ‘
’{rate_fmt}{postfix}]’
- Possible vars: l_bar, bar, r_bar, n, n_fmt, total, total_fmt,
percentage, elapsed, elapsed_s, ncols, nrows, desc, unit, rate, rate_fmt, rate_noinv, rate_noinv_fmt, rate_inv, rate_inv_fmt, postfix, unit_divisor, remaining, remaining_s, eta.
Note that a trailing “: ” is automatically removed after {desc} if the latter is empty.
initial (int or float, optional) – The initial counter value. Useful when restarting a progress bar [default: 0]. If using float, consider specifying {n:.3f} or similar in bar_format, or specifying unit_scale.
position (int, optional) – Specify the line offset to print this bar (starting from 0) Automatic if unspecified. Useful to manage multiple bars at once (eg, from threads).
postfix (dict or *, optional) – Specify additional stats to display at the end of the bar. Calls set_postfix(**postfix) if possible (dict).
unit_divisor (float, optional) – [default: 1000], ignored unless unit_scale is True.
write_bytes (bool, optional) – If (default: None) and file is unspecified, bytes will be written in Python 2. If True will also write bytes. In all other cases will default to unicode.
lock_args (tuple, optional) – Passed to refresh for intermediate output (initialisation, iterating, and updating).
nrows (int, optional) – The screen height. If specified, hides nested bars outside this bound. If unspecified, attempts to use environment height. The fallback is 20.
colour (str, optional) – Bar colour (e.g. ‘green’, ‘#00ff00’).
delay (float, optional) – Don’t display until [default: 0] seconds have elapsed.
gui (bool, optional) – WARNING: internal parameter - do not use. Use tqdm.gui.tqdm(…) instead. If set, will attempt to use matplotlib animations for a graphical output [default: False].
- Returns
out
- Return type
decorated iterator.
Methods:
clear
([nolock])Clear current bar display.
close
()Cleanup and (if leave=False) close the progressbar.
display
([msg, pos])Use self.sp to display msg in the specified pos.
external_write_mode
([file, nolock])Disable tqdm within context and refresh tqdm when exits.
Formats a number of seconds as a clock time, [H:]MM:SS
format_meter
(n, total, elapsed, **kwargs)Return a string-based progress bar given some parameters
format_num
(n)Intelligent scientific notation (.3g).
format_sizeof
(num[, suffix, divisor])Formats a number (greater than unity) with SI Order of Magnitude prefixes.
get_lock
()Get the global lock.
moveto
(n)pandas
(**tqdm_kwargs)Registers the current tqdm class with
refresh
([nolock, lock_args])Force refresh the display of this bar.
reset
([total])Resets to 0 iterations for repeated use.
set_description
([desc, refresh])Set/modify description of the progress bar.
set_description_str
([desc, refresh])Set/modify description without ‘: ‘ appended.
set_lock
(lock)Set the global lock.
set_postfix
([ordered_dict, refresh])Set/modify postfix (additional stats) with automatic formatting based on datatype.
set_postfix_str
([s, refresh])Postfix without dictionary expansion, similar to prefix handling.
status_printer
(file)Manage the printing and in-place updating of a line of characters.
unpause
()Restart tqdm timer from last print time.
update
([n])Manually update the progress bar, useful for streams such as reading files.
wrapattr
(stream, method[, total, bytes])stream : file-like object. method : str, “read” or “write”. The result of read() and the first argument of write() should have a len().
write
(s[, file, end, nolock])Print a message via tqdm (without overlap with bars).
Attributes:
Public API for read-only member access.
- clear(nolock=False)¶
Clear current bar display.
- close()¶
Cleanup and (if leave=False) close the progressbar.
- display(msg=None, pos=None)¶
Use self.sp to display msg in the specified pos.
Consider overloading this function when inheriting to use e.g.: self.some_frontend(**self.format_dict) instead of self.sp.
- Parameters
msg (str, optional. What to display (default: repr(self)).) –
pos (int, optional. Position to moveto) – (default: abs(self.pos)).
- classmethod external_write_mode(file=None, nolock=False)¶
Disable tqdm within context and refresh tqdm when exits. Useful when writing to standard output stream
- property format_dict¶
Public API for read-only member access.
- static format_interval(t)¶
Formats a number of seconds as a clock time, [H:]MM:SS
- Parameters
t (int) – Number of seconds.
- Returns
out – [H:]MM:SS
- Return type
str
- classmethod format_meter(n, total, elapsed, **kwargs)[source]¶
Return a string-based progress bar given some parameters
- Parameters
n (int or float) – Number of finished iterations.
total (int or float) – The expected total number of iterations. If meaningless (None), only basic progress statistics are displayed (no ETA).
elapsed (float) – Number of seconds passed since start.
ncols (int, optional) – The width of the entire output message. If specified, dynamically resizes {bar} to stay within this bound [default: None]. If 0, will not print any bar (only stats). The fallback is {bar:10}.
prefix (str, optional) – Prefix message (included in total width) [default: ‘’]. Use as {desc} in bar_format string.
ascii (bool, optional or str, optional) – If not set, use unicode (smooth blocks) to fill the meter [default: False]. The fallback is to use ASCII characters ” 123456789#”.
unit (str, optional) – The iteration unit [default: ‘it’].
unit_scale (bool or int or float, optional) – If 1 or True, the number of iterations will be printed with an appropriate SI metric prefix (k = 10^3, M = 10^6, etc.) [default: False]. If any other non-zero number, will scale total and n.
rate (float, optional) – Manual override for iteration rate. If [default: None], uses n/elapsed.
bar_format (str, optional) –
Specify a custom bar string formatting. May impact performance. [default: ‘{l_bar}{bar}{r_bar}’], where l_bar=’{desc}: {percentage:3.0f}%|’ and r_bar=’| {n_fmt}/{total_fmt} [{elapsed}<{remaining}, ‘
’{rate_fmt}{postfix}]’
- Possible vars: l_bar, bar, r_bar, n, n_fmt, total, total_fmt,
percentage, elapsed, elapsed_s, ncols, nrows, desc, unit, rate, rate_fmt, rate_noinv, rate_noinv_fmt, rate_inv, rate_inv_fmt, postfix, unit_divisor, remaining, remaining_s, eta.
Note that a trailing “: ” is automatically removed after {desc} if the latter is empty.
postfix (*, optional) – Similar to prefix, but placed at the end (e.g. for additional stats). Note: postfix is usually a string (not a dict) for this method, and will if possible be set to postfix = ‘, ‘ + postfix. However other types are supported (#382).
unit_divisor (float, optional) – [default: 1000], ignored unless unit_scale is True.
initial (int or float, optional) – The initial counter value [default: 0].
colour (str, optional) – Bar colour (e.g. ‘green’, ‘#00ff00’).
- Returns
out
- Return type
Formatted meter and stats, ready to display.
- static format_num(n)¶
Intelligent scientific notation (.3g).
- Parameters
n (int or float or Numeric) – A Number.
- Returns
out – Formatted number.
- Return type
str
- static format_sizeof(num, suffix='', divisor=1000)¶
Formats a number (greater than unity) with SI Order of Magnitude prefixes.
- Parameters
num (float) – Number ( >= 1) to format.
suffix (str, optional) – Post-postfix [default: ‘’].
divisor (float, optional) – Divisor between prefixes [default: 1000].
- Returns
out – Number with Order of Magnitude SI unit postfix.
- Return type
str
- classmethod get_lock()¶
Get the global lock. Construct it if it does not exist.
- monitor = <TMonitor(Thread-2, started daemon 140058701571840)>¶
- monitor_interval = 10¶
- moveto(n)¶
- classmethod pandas(**tqdm_kwargs)¶
- Registers the current tqdm class with
pandas.core. ( frame.DataFrame | series.Series | groupby.(generic.)DataFrameGroupBy | groupby.(generic.)SeriesGroupBy ).progress_apply
A new instance will be create every time progress_apply is called, and each instance will automatically close() upon completion.
- Parameters
tqdm_kwargs (arguments for the tqdm instance) –
Examples
>>> import pandas as pd >>> import numpy as np >>> from tqdm import tqdm >>> from tqdm.gui import tqdm as tqdm_gui >>> >>> df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randint(0, 100, (100000, 6))) >>> tqdm.pandas(ncols=50) # can use tqdm_gui, optional kwargs, etc >>> # Now you can use `progress_apply` instead of `apply` >>> df.groupby(0).progress_apply(lambda x: x**2)
References
<https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18603270/ progress-indicator-during-pandas-operations-python>
- refresh(nolock=False, lock_args=None)¶
Force refresh the display of this bar.
- Parameters
nolock (bool, optional) – If True, does not lock. If [default: False]: calls acquire() on internal lock.
lock_args (tuple, optional) – Passed to internal lock’s acquire(). If specified, will only display() if acquire() returns True.
- reset(total=None)¶
Resets to 0 iterations for repeated use.
Consider combining with leave=True.
- Parameters
total (int or float, optional. Total to use for the new bar.) –
- set_description(desc=None, refresh=True)¶
Set/modify description of the progress bar.
- Parameters
desc (str, optional) –
refresh (bool, optional) – Forces refresh [default: True].
- set_description_str(desc=None, refresh=True)¶
Set/modify description without ‘: ‘ appended.
- classmethod set_lock(lock)¶
Set the global lock.
- set_postfix(ordered_dict=None, refresh=True, **kwargs)¶
Set/modify postfix (additional stats) with automatic formatting based on datatype.
- Parameters
ordered_dict (dict or OrderedDict, optional) –
refresh (bool, optional) – Forces refresh [default: True].
kwargs (dict, optional) –
- set_postfix_str(s='', refresh=True)¶
Postfix without dictionary expansion, similar to prefix handling.
- static status_printer(file)¶
Manage the printing and in-place updating of a line of characters. Note that if the string is longer than a line, then in-place updating may not work (it will print a new line at each refresh).
- unpause()¶
Restart tqdm timer from last print time.
- update(n=1)¶
Manually update the progress bar, useful for streams such as reading files. E.g.: >>> t = tqdm(total=filesize) # Initialise >>> for current_buffer in stream: … … … t.update(len(current_buffer)) >>> t.close() The last line is highly recommended, but possibly not necessary if t.update() will be called in such a way that filesize will be exactly reached and printed.
- Parameters
n (int or float, optional) – Increment to add to the internal counter of iterations [default: 1]. If using float, consider specifying {n:.3f} or similar in bar_format, or specifying unit_scale.
- Returns
out – True if a display() was triggered.
- Return type
bool or None
- classmethod wrapattr(stream, method, total=None, bytes=True, **tqdm_kwargs)¶
stream : file-like object. method : str, “read” or “write”. The result of read() and
the first argument of write() should have a len().
>>> with tqdm.wrapattr(file_obj, "read", total=file_obj.size) as fobj: ... while True: ... chunk = fobj.read(chunk_size) ... if not chunk: ... break
- classmethod write(s, file=None, end='\n', nolock=False)¶
Print a message via tqdm (without overlap with bars).
- class gemseo.algos.driver_lib.TqdmToLogger(initial_value='', newline='\n')[source]¶
Bases:
_io.StringIO
Redirect tqdm output to the gemseo logger.
Methods:
close
()Close the IO object.
Separate the underlying buffer from the TextIOBase and return it.
fileno
()Returns underlying file descriptor if one exists.
flush
()Flush write buffers, if applicable.
getvalue
()Retrieve the entire contents of the object.
isatty
()Return whether this is an ‘interactive’ stream.
read
([size])Read at most size characters, returned as a string.
readable
()Returns True if the IO object can be read.
readline
([size])Read until newline or EOF.
readlines
([hint])Return a list of lines from the stream.
seek
(pos[, whence])Change stream position.
seekable
()Returns True if the IO object can be seeked.
tell
()Tell the current file position.
truncate
([pos])Truncate size to pos.
writable
()Returns True if the IO object can be written.
write
(buf)Write buffer.
writelines
(lines, /)Write a list of lines to stream.
Attributes:
Encoding of the text stream.
The error setting of the decoder or encoder.
- close()¶
Close the IO object.
Attempting any further operation after the object is closed will raise a ValueError.
This method has no effect if the file is already closed.
- closed¶
- detach()¶
Separate the underlying buffer from the TextIOBase and return it.
After the underlying buffer has been detached, the TextIO is in an unusable state.
- encoding¶
Encoding of the text stream.
Subclasses should override.
- errors¶
The error setting of the decoder or encoder.
Subclasses should override.
- fileno()¶
Returns underlying file descriptor if one exists.
OSError is raised if the IO object does not use a file descriptor.
- flush()¶
Flush write buffers, if applicable.
This is not implemented for read-only and non-blocking streams.
- getvalue()¶
Retrieve the entire contents of the object.
- isatty()¶
Return whether this is an ‘interactive’ stream.
Return False if it can’t be determined.
- line_buffering¶
- newlines¶
- read(size=- 1, /)¶
Read at most size characters, returned as a string.
If the argument is negative or omitted, read until EOF is reached. Return an empty string at EOF.
- readable()¶
Returns True if the IO object can be read.
- readline(size=- 1, /)¶
Read until newline or EOF.
Returns an empty string if EOF is hit immediately.
- readlines(hint=- 1, /)¶
Return a list of lines from the stream.
hint can be specified to control the number of lines read: no more lines will be read if the total size (in bytes/characters) of all lines so far exceeds hint.
- seek(pos, whence=0, /)¶
Change stream position.
- Seek to character offset pos relative to position indicated by whence:
0 Start of stream (the default). pos should be >= 0; 1 Current position - pos must be 0; 2 End of stream - pos must be 0.
Returns the new absolute position.
- seekable()¶
Returns True if the IO object can be seeked.
- tell()¶
Tell the current file position.
- truncate(pos=None, /)¶
Truncate size to pos.
The pos argument defaults to the current file position, as returned by tell(). The current file position is unchanged. Returns the new absolute position.
- writable()¶
Returns True if the IO object can be written.
- writelines(lines, /)¶
Write a list of lines to stream.
Line separators are not added, so it is usual for each of the lines provided to have a line separator at the end.