kmeans module¶

The k-means algorithm for clustering.

The k-means algorithm groups the data into clusters, where the number of clusters \(k\) is fixed. This is done by initializing \(k\) centroids in the design space. The points are grouped into clusters according to their nearest centroid.

When fitting the algorithm, each centroid is successively moved to the mean of its corresponding cluster, and the cluster value of each point is then reset to the cluster value of the closest centroid. This process is repeated until convergence.

Cluster values of new points may be predicted by returning the value of the closest centroid. Denoting \((c_1, \cdots, c_k) \in \mathbb{R}^{n \times k}\) the centroids, and assuming no overlap between the centroids, we may compute the prediction

\[\operatorname{cluster}(x) = \underset{i=1,\cdots,k}{\operatorname{argmin}} \|x-c_i\|.\]

A probability measure may also be provided, using the distances from the point to each of the centroids:

\[\begin{split}\mathbb{P}(x \in C_i) = \begin{cases} 1 & \operatorname{if} x = c_i\\ 0 & \operatorname{if} x = c_j,\ j \neq i\\ \frac{\frac{1}{\|x-c_i\|}}{\sum_{j=1}^k \frac{1}{\|x-c_j\|}} & \operatorname{if} x \neq c_j\, \forall j=1,\cdots,k \end{cases},\end{split}\]

where \(C_i = \{x\, | \, \operatorname{cluster}(x) = i \}\). Here, \(\mathbb{P}(x \in C_i)\) represents the probability of cluster \(i\) given the point \(x\).

This concept is implemented through the KMeans class which inherits from the MLClusteringAlgo class.

Dependence¶

This clustering algorithm relies on the KMeans class of the scikit-learn library.

Classes:

KMeans(data[, transformer, var_names, ...])

The k-means clustering algorithm.

class gemseo.mlearning.cluster.kmeans.KMeans(data, transformer=None, var_names=None, n_clusters=5, random_state=0, **parameters)[source]¶

Bases: gemseo.mlearning.cluster.cluster.MLPredictiveClusteringAlgo

The k-means clustering algorithm.

learning_set¶

The learning dataset.

Type: Dataset

parameters¶

The parameters of the machine learning algorithm.

Type: Dict[str,MLAlgoParameterType]

transformer¶

The strategies to transform the variables. The values are instances of Transformer while the keys are the names of either the variables or the groups of variables, e.g. “inputs” or “outputs” in the case of the regression algorithms. If a group is specified, the Transformer will be applied to all the variables of this group. If None, do not transform the variables.

Type: Dict[str,Transformer]

algo¶

The interfaced machine learning algorithm.

Type: Any

input_names¶

The names of the variables.

Type: List[str]

labels¶

The indices of the clusters for the different samples.

Type: List(int)

n_clusters¶

The number of clusters.

Type: int

Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Parameters

data (Dataset) – The learning dataset.
transformer (Optional[TransformerType]) –
The strategies to transform the variables. The values are instances of Transformer while the keys are the names of either the variables or the groups of variables, e.g. “inputs” or “outputs” in the case of the regression algorithms. If a group is specified, the Transformer will be applied to all the variables of this group. If None, do not transform the variables.

By default it is set to None.
var_names (Optional[Iterable[str]]) –
The names of the variables. If None, consider all variables mentioned in the learning dataset.

By default it is set to None.
n_clusters (int) –
The number of clusters of the K-means algorithm.

By default it is set to 5.
random_state (Optional[int]) –
If None, use a random generation of the initial centroids. If not None, the integer is used to make the initialization deterministic.

By default it is set to 0.
**parameters (Optional[Union[int,float,bool,str]]) – The parameters of the machine learning algorithm.

Return type

None

Attributes:

`ABBR`
`EPS`
`FILENAME`
`LIBRARY`
`is_trained`	Return whether the algorithm is trained.
`learning_samples_indices`	The indices of the learning samples used for the training.

Classes:

DataFormatters()

Decorators for the internal MLAlgo methods.

Methods:

`learn`([samples])	Train the machine learning algorithm from the learning dataset.
`load_algo`(directory)	Load a machine learning algorithm from a directory.
`predict`(data)	Predict the clusters from the input data.
`predict_proba`(data[, hard])	Predict the probability of belonging to each cluster from input data.
`save`([directory, path, save_learning_set])	Save the machine learning algorithm.

ABBR = 'K-means'¶

class DataFormatters¶

Bases: object

Decorators for the internal MLAlgo methods.

EPS = 2.220446049250313e-16¶

FILENAME = 'ml_algo.pkl'¶

LIBRARY = None¶

property is_trained¶: Return whether the algorithm is trained.

learn(samples=None)¶

Train the machine learning algorithm from the learning dataset.

Parameters

samples (Optional[Sequence[int]]) –

The indices of the learning samples. If None, use the whole learning dataset.

By default it is set to None.

Return type

None

property learning_samples_indices¶: The indices of the learning samples used for the training.

load_algo(directory)¶

Load a machine learning algorithm from a directory.

Parameters: directory (Union[str, pathlib.Path]) – The path to the directory where the machine learning algorithm is saved.
Return type: None

predict(data)¶

Predict the clusters from the input data.

The user can specify these input data either as a NumPy array, e.g. array([1., 2., 3.]) or as a dictionary, e.g. {'a': array([1.]), 'b': array([2., 3.])}.

If the numpy arrays are of dimension 2, their i-th rows represent the input data of the i-th sample; while if the numpy arrays are of dimension 1, there is a single sample.

The type of the output data and the dimension of the output arrays will be consistent with the type of the input data and the dimension of the input arrays.

Parameters: data (Union[numpy.ndarray, Mapping[str, numpy.ndarray]]) – The input data.
Returns: The predicted cluster for each input data sample.
Return type: Union[int, numpy.ndarray]

predict_proba(data, hard=True)¶

Predict the probability of belonging to each cluster from input data.

The user can specified these input data either as a numpy array, e.g. array([1., 2., 3.]) or as a dictionary, e.g. {'a': array([1.]), 'b': array([2., 3.])}.

If the numpy arrays are of dimension 2, their i-th rows represent the input data of the i-th sample; while if the numpy arrays are of dimension 1, there is a single sample.

The dimension of the output array will be consistent with the dimension of the input arrays.

Parameters

data (Union[numpy.ndarray, Mapping[str, numpy.ndarray]]) – The input data.
hard (bool) –
Whether clustering should be hard (True) or soft (False).

By default it is set to True.

Returns

The probability of belonging to each cluster, with shape (n_samples, n_clusters) or (n_clusters,).

Return type

numpy.ndarray

save(directory=None, path='.', save_learning_set=False)¶

Save the machine learning algorithm.

Parameters

directory (Optional[str]) –
The name of the directory to save the algorithm.

By default it is set to None.
path (Union[str, pathlib.Path]) –
The path to parent directory where to create the directory.

By default it is set to ..
save_learning_set (bool) –
Whether to save the learning set or get rid of it to lighten the saved files.

By default it is set to False.

Returns

The path to the directory where the algorithm is saved.

Return type

str