# Source code for gemseo.uncertainty.distributions.composed

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Copyright 2021 IRT Saint Exupéry, https://www.irt-saintexupery.com
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
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# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
# Lesser General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
# Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.

# Contributors:
#    INITIAL AUTHORS - initial API and implementation and/or initial
#                           documentation
#        :author: Matthias De Lozzo
#    OTHER AUTHORS   - MACROSCOPIC CHANGES

r"""Abstract classes defining the concept of joint probability distribution.

Overview
--------

The abstract :class:.ComposedDistribution class
implements the concept of joint probability distribution
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_probability_distribution>_,
which is a mathematical function giving the probabilities of occurrence
of different possible outcomes of several random variables for an experiment.
In the style of OpenTURNS, a :class:.ComposedDistribution is defined
from a list of :class:.Distribution instances
defining the marginals of the random variables
and a copula defining the dependence structure between them.

.. note::

A copula is a mathematical function used to define the dependence
between random variables from their cumulative density functions.
See more <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copula_(probability_theory)>_.

By definition, a joint probability distribution is a probability distribution
Therefore, :class:.ComposedDistribution inherits
from the abstract class :class:.Distribution.

Construction
------------

The :class:.ComposedDistribution of a list of given uncertain variables is built
from a list of :class:.Distribution objects
implementing the probability distributions of these variables
and from a copula name.

Capabilities
------------

Because :class:.ComposedDistribution inherits from :class:.Distribution,
we can easily get statistics, such as :attr:.ComposedDistribution.mean,
:attr:.ComposedDistribution.standard_deviation.
We can also get the numerical :attr:.ComposedDistribution.range and
mathematical :attr:.ComposedDistribution.support.

.. note::

We call mathematical *support* the set of values that the random variable
can take in theory, e.g. :math:]-\infty,+\infty[ for a Gaussian variable,
and numerical *range* the set of values that it can can take in practice,
taking into account the values rounded to zero double precision.
Both support and range are described in terms of lower and upper bounds

We can also evaluate the cumulative density function
(:meth:.ComposedDistribution.compute_cdf)
for the different marginals of the random variable,
as well as the inverse cumulative density function
(:meth:.ComposedDistribution.compute_inverse_cdf). We can plot them,
either for a given marginal (:meth:.ComposedDistribution.plot)
or for all marginals (:meth:.ComposedDistribution.plot_all).

Lastly, we can compute realizations of the random variable
by means of the :meth:.ComposedDistribution.compute_samples method.
"""

from __future__ import division, unicode_literals

import logging
from typing import Iterable, Sequence

from numpy import array, concatenate, ndarray

from gemseo.uncertainty.distributions.distribution import Distribution
from gemseo.utils.string_tools import MultiLineString

LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)

[docs]class ComposedDistribution(Distribution):
"""Composed distribution."""

_INDEPENDENT_COPULA = "independent_copula"

AVAILABLE_COPULA_MODELS = [_INDEPENDENT_COPULA]

_COMPOSED = "Composed"

def __init__(
self,
distributions,  # type: Sequence[Distribution]
copula=_INDEPENDENT_COPULA,  # type: str
):  # type: (...) -> None # noqa: D205,D212,D415
"""
Args:
distributions: The distributions.
copula: A name of copula.
"""
dimension = sum([distribution.dimension for distribution in distributions])
self._marginal_variables = [
distribution.variable_name for distribution in distributions
]
variable = "_".join(self._marginal_variables)
super(ComposedDistribution, self).__init__(
variable, self._COMPOSED, (copula,), dimension
)
self.marginals = distributions
msg = MultiLineString()
msg.indent()
msg.indent()
for distribution in distributions:
"{}({}): {}",
distribution.variable_name,
distribution.dimension,
distribution,
)
LOGGER.debug("%s", msg)

def _set_bounds(
self,
distributions,  # type: Iterable[Distribution]
):  # type: (...) -> None
"""Set the mathematical and numerical bounds (= support and range).

Args:
distributions: The distributions.
"""
self.math_lower_bound = array([])
self.math_upper_bound = array([])
self.num_lower_bound = array([])
self.num_upper_bound = array([])
for dist in distributions:
self.math_lower_bound = concatenate(
(self.math_lower_bound, dist.math_lower_bound)
)
self.num_lower_bound = concatenate(
(self.num_lower_bound, dist.num_lower_bound)
)
self.math_upper_bound = concatenate(
(self.math_upper_bound, dist.math_upper_bound)
)
self.num_upper_bound = concatenate(
(self.num_upper_bound, dist.num_upper_bound)
)

@property
def mean(self):  # noqa: D102
# type: (...) -> ndarray
mean = [marginal.mean for marginal in self.marginals]
return array(mean).flatten()

@property
def standard_deviation(self):  # noqa: D102
# type: (...) -> ndarray
std = [marginal.standard_deviation for marginal in self.marginals]
return array(std).flatten()

[docs]    def compute_samples(
self,
n_samples=1,  # type: int
):  # noqa: D102
# type: (...) -> ndarray
sample = self.marginals[0].compute_samples(n_samples)
for marginal in self.marginals[1:]:
sample = concatenate((sample, marginal.compute_samples(n_samples)), axis=1)
return sample