Parallel coordinates

In this example, we illustrate the use of the ParallelCoordinates plot on the Sobieski’s SSBJ problem.

from __future__ import annotations

from gemseo.api import configure_logger
from gemseo.api import create_discipline
from gemseo.api import create_scenario
from gemseo.problems.sobieski.core.problem import SobieskiProblem

Import

The first step is to import some functions from the API and a method to get the design space.

configure_logger()

<RootLogger root (INFO)>

Description

The ParallelCoordinates post-processing builds parallel coordinates plots among design variables, outputs functions and constraints.

The ParallelCoordinates portrays the design variables history during the scenario execution. Each vertical coordinate is dedicated to a design variable, normalized by its bounds.

A polyline joins all components of a given design vector and is colored by objective function values. This highlights the correlations between the values of the design variables and the values of the objective function.

Create disciplines

At this point, we instantiate the disciplines of Sobieski’s SSBJ problem: Propulsion, Aerodynamics, Structure and Mission

disciplines = create_discipline(
    [
        "SobieskiPropulsion",
        "SobieskiAerodynamics",
        "SobieskiStructure",
        "SobieskiMission",
    ]
)

Create design space

We also read the design space from the SobieskiProblem.

design_space = SobieskiProblem().design_space

Create and execute scenario

The next step is to build an MDO scenario in order to maximize the range, encoded ‘y_4’, with respect to the design parameters, while satisfying the inequality constraints ‘g_1’, ‘g_2’ and ‘g_3’. We can use the MDF formulation, the SLSQP optimization algorithm and a maximum number of iterations equal to 100.

scenario = create_scenario(
    disciplines,
    formulation="MDF",
    objective_name="y_4",
    maximize_objective=True,
    design_space=design_space,
)
scenario.set_differentiation_method()
for constraint in ["g_1", "g_2", "g_3"]:
    scenario.add_constraint(constraint, "ineq")
scenario.execute({"algo": "SLSQP", "max_iter": 10})

    INFO - 17:18:51:
    INFO - 17:18:51: *** Start MDOScenario execution ***
    INFO - 17:18:51: MDOScenario
    INFO - 17:18:51:    Disciplines: SobieskiAerodynamics SobieskiMission SobieskiPropulsion SobieskiStructure
    INFO - 17:18:51:    MDO formulation: MDF
    INFO - 17:18:51: Optimization problem:
    INFO - 17:18:51:    minimize -y_4(x_shared, x_1, x_2, x_3)
    INFO - 17:18:51:    with respect to x_1, x_2, x_3, x_shared
    INFO - 17:18:51:    subject to constraints:
    INFO - 17:18:51:       g_1(x_shared, x_1, x_2, x_3) <= 0.0
    INFO - 17:18:51:       g_2(x_shared, x_1, x_2, x_3) <= 0.0
    INFO - 17:18:51:       g_3(x_shared, x_1, x_2, x_3) <= 0.0
    INFO - 17:18:51:    over the design space:
    INFO - 17:18:51:    +-------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
    INFO - 17:18:51:    | name        | lower_bound | value | upper_bound | type  |
    INFO - 17:18:51:    +-------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
    INFO - 17:18:51:    | x_shared[0] |     0.01    |  0.05 |     0.09    | float |
    INFO - 17:18:51:    | x_shared[1] |    30000    | 45000 |    60000    | float |
    INFO - 17:18:51:    | x_shared[2] |     1.4     |  1.6  |     1.8     | float |
    INFO - 17:18:51:    | x_shared[3] |     2.5     |  5.5  |     8.5     | float |
    INFO - 17:18:51:    | x_shared[4] |      40     |   55  |      70     | float |
    INFO - 17:18:51:    | x_shared[5] |     500     |  1000 |     1500    | float |
    INFO - 17:18:51:    | x_1[0]      |     0.1     |  0.25 |     0.4     | float |
    INFO - 17:18:51:    | x_1[1]      |     0.75    |   1   |     1.25    | float |
    INFO - 17:18:51:    | x_2         |     0.75    |   1   |     1.25    | float |
    INFO - 17:18:51:    | x_3         |     0.1     |  0.5  |      1      | float |
    INFO - 17:18:51:    +-------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
    INFO - 17:18:51: Solving optimization problem with algorithm SLSQP:
    INFO - 17:18:51: ...   0%|          | 0/10 [00:00<?, ?it]
    INFO - 17:18:52: ...  10%|█         | 1/10 [00:00<00:01,  6.68 it/sec, obj=-536]
    INFO - 17:18:52: ...  20%|██        | 2/10 [00:00<00:01,  5.16 it/sec, obj=-2.12e+3]
 WARNING - 17:18:52: MDAJacobi has reached its maximum number of iterations but the normed residual 1.4486313079508508e-06 is still above the tolerance 1e-06.
    INFO - 17:18:52: ...  30%|███       | 3/10 [00:00<00:01,  4.50 it/sec, obj=-3.75e+3]
    INFO - 17:18:52: ...  40%|████      | 4/10 [00:00<00:01,  4.38 it/sec, obj=-4.01e+3]
 WARNING - 17:18:53: MDAJacobi has reached its maximum number of iterations but the normed residual 2.928004141058104e-06 is still above the tolerance 1e-06.
    INFO - 17:18:53: ...  50%|█████     | 5/10 [00:01<00:01,  4.18 it/sec, obj=-4.49e+3]
    INFO - 17:18:53: ...  60%|██████    | 6/10 [00:01<00:00,  4.23 it/sec, obj=-3.4e+3]
    INFO - 17:18:53: ...  70%|███████   | 7/10 [00:01<00:00,  4.63 it/sec, obj=-4.93e+3]
    INFO - 17:18:53: ...  80%|████████  | 8/10 [00:01<00:00,  4.86 it/sec, obj=-4.76e+3]
    INFO - 17:18:53: ...  90%|█████████ | 9/10 [00:01<00:00,  5.10 it/sec, obj=-4.62e+3]
    INFO - 17:18:53: ... 100%|██████████| 10/10 [00:01<00:00,  5.35 it/sec, obj=-4.56e+3]
    INFO - 17:18:53: Optimization result:
    INFO - 17:18:53:    Optimizer info:
    INFO - 17:18:53:       Status: None
    INFO - 17:18:53:       Message: Maximum number of iterations reached. GEMSEO Stopped the driver
    INFO - 17:18:53:       Number of calls to the objective function by the optimizer: 12
    INFO - 17:18:53:    Solution:
    INFO - 17:18:53:       The solution is feasible.
    INFO - 17:18:53:       Objective: -3749.8868975554387
    INFO - 17:18:53:       Standardized constraints:
    INFO - 17:18:53:          g_1 = [-0.01671296 -0.03238836 -0.04350867 -0.05123129 -0.05681738 -0.13780658
    INFO - 17:18:53:  -0.10219342]
    INFO - 17:18:53:          g_2 = -0.0004062839430756249
    INFO - 17:18:53:          g_3 = [-0.66482546 -0.33517454 -0.11023156 -0.183255  ]
    INFO - 17:18:53:       Design space:
    INFO - 17:18:53:       +-------------+-------------+---------------------+-------------+-------+
    INFO - 17:18:53:       | name        | lower_bound |        value        | upper_bound | type  |
    INFO - 17:18:53:       +-------------+-------------+---------------------+-------------+-------+
    INFO - 17:18:53:       | x_shared[0] |     0.01    | 0.05989842901423112 |     0.09    | float |
    INFO - 17:18:53:       | x_shared[1] |    30000    |  59853.73840058666  |    60000    | float |
    INFO - 17:18:53:       | x_shared[2] |     1.4     |         1.4         |     1.8     | float |
    INFO - 17:18:53:       | x_shared[3] |     2.5     |  2.527371250092273  |     8.5     | float |
    INFO - 17:18:53:       | x_shared[4] |      40     |  69.86825198198687  |      70     | float |
    INFO - 17:18:53:       | x_shared[5] |     500     |  1495.734648986894  |     1500    | float |
    INFO - 17:18:53:       | x_1[0]      |     0.1     |         0.4         |     0.4     | float |
    INFO - 17:18:53:       | x_1[1]      |     0.75    |  0.7521124139939552 |     1.25    | float |
    INFO - 17:18:53:       | x_2         |     0.75    |  0.7520888531444992 |     1.25    | float |
    INFO - 17:18:53:       | x_3         |     0.1     |  0.1398000762238233 |      1      | float |
    INFO - 17:18:53:       +-------------+-------------+---------------------+-------------+-------+
    INFO - 17:18:53: *** End MDOScenario execution (time: 0:00:01.903550) ***

{'max_iter': 10, 'algo': 'SLSQP'}

Post-process scenario

Lastly, we post-process the scenario by means of the ParallelCoordinates plot which parallel coordinates plots among design variables, objective function and constraints.

Tip

Each post-processing method requires different inputs and offers a variety of customization options. Use the API function get_post_processing_options_schema() to print a table with the options for any post-processing algorithm. Or refer to our dedicated page: Post-processing algorithms.

scenario.post_process("ParallelCoordinates", save=False, show=True)

• 
• 

<gemseo.post.para_coord.ParallelCoordinates object at 0x7fcce8289400>