Solve a 2D L-shape topology optimization problem#

from __future__ import annotations

from gemseo import create_scenario
from gemseo.problems.topology_optimization.topopt_initialize import (
    initialize_design_space_and_discipline_to,
)

Setup the topology optimization problem#

Define the target volume fraction:

volume_fraction = 0.3

Define the problem type:

problem_name = "L-Shape"

Define the number of elements in the x- and y- directions:

n_x = 25
n_y = 25

Define the full material Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio:

e0 = 1
nu = 0.3

Define the penalty of the SIMP approach:

penalty = 3

Define the minimum member size in the solution:

min_member_size = 1.5

Instantiate the DesignSpace and the disciplines:

design_space, disciplines = initialize_design_space_and_discipline_to(
    problem=problem_name,
    n_x=n_x,
    n_y=n_y,
    e0=e0,
    nu=nu,
    penalty=penalty,
    min_member_size=min_member_size,
    vf0=volume_fraction,
)

Solve the topology optimization problem#

Generate an MDOScenario:

scenario = create_scenario(
    disciplines,
    "compliance",
    design_space,
    formulation_name="DisciplinaryOpt",
)

Add the volume fraction constraint to the scenario:

scenario.add_constraint(
    "volume fraction", constraint_type="ineq", value=volume_fraction
)

Generate the XDSM

scenario.xdsmize(save_html=False)


Execute the scenario

scenario.execute(algo_name="NLOPT_MMA", max_iter=200)
INFO - 16:13:38: *** Start MDOScenario execution ***
INFO - 16:13:38: MDOScenario
INFO - 16:13:38:    Disciplines: DensityFilter FiniteElementAnalysis MaterialModelInterpolation VolumeFraction
INFO - 16:13:38:    MDO formulation: DisciplinaryOpt
INFO - 16:13:38: Optimization problem:
INFO - 16:13:38:    minimize compliance(x)
INFO - 16:13:38:    with respect to x
INFO - 16:13:38:    under the inequality constraints
INFO - 16:13:38:       volume fraction(x) <= 0.3
INFO - 16:13:38: Solving optimization problem with algorithm NLOPT_MMA:
INFO - 16:13:38:      1%|          | 2/200 [00:00<00:03, 59.49 it/sec, feas=True, obj=2.23e+3]
INFO - 16:13:38:      2%|▏         | 3/200 [00:00<00:02, 66.88 it/sec, feas=True, obj=1.96e+3]
INFO - 16:13:38:      2%|▏         | 4/200 [00:00<00:02, 72.05 it/sec, feas=True, obj=1.75e+3]
INFO - 16:13:38:      2%|▎         | 5/200 [00:00<00:02, 74.54 it/sec, feas=True, obj=1.57e+3]
INFO - 16:13:38:      3%|▎         | 6/200 [00:00<00:02, 76.13 it/sec, feas=True, obj=1.2e+3]
INFO - 16:13:38:      4%|▎         | 7/200 [00:00<00:02, 76.73 it/sec, feas=True, obj=963]
INFO - 16:13:39:      4%|▍         | 8/200 [00:00<00:02, 78.08 it/sec, feas=True, obj=624]
INFO - 16:13:39:      4%|▍         | 9/200 [00:00<00:02, 78.71 it/sec, feas=True, obj=497]
INFO - 16:13:39:      5%|▌         | 10/200 [00:00<00:02, 79.29 it/sec, feas=True, obj=395]
INFO - 16:13:39:      6%|▌         | 11/200 [00:00<00:02, 80.18 it/sec, feas=True, obj=306]
INFO - 16:13:39:      6%|▌         | 12/200 [00:00<00:02, 81.09 it/sec, feas=True, obj=251]
INFO - 16:13:39:      6%|▋         | 13/200 [00:00<00:02, 81.90 it/sec, feas=True, obj=225]
INFO - 16:13:39:      7%|▋         | 14/200 [00:00<00:02, 82.65 it/sec, feas=True, obj=209]
INFO - 16:13:39:      8%|▊         | 15/200 [00:00<00:02, 83.20 it/sec, feas=True, obj=201]
INFO - 16:13:39:      8%|▊         | 16/200 [00:00<00:02, 83.84 it/sec, feas=True, obj=195]
INFO - 16:13:39:      8%|▊         | 17/200 [00:00<00:02, 84.11 it/sec, feas=True, obj=190]
INFO - 16:13:39:      9%|▉         | 18/200 [00:00<00:02, 84.65 it/sec, feas=True, obj=186]
INFO - 16:13:39:     10%|▉         | 19/200 [00:00<00:02, 85.11 it/sec, feas=True, obj=182]
INFO - 16:13:39:     10%|█         | 20/200 [00:00<00:02, 85.42 it/sec, feas=True, obj=178]
INFO - 16:13:39:     10%|█         | 21/200 [00:00<00:02, 85.72 it/sec, feas=True, obj=174]
INFO - 16:13:39:     11%|█         | 22/200 [00:00<00:02, 86.13 it/sec, feas=True, obj=169]
INFO - 16:13:39:     12%|█▏        | 23/200 [00:00<00:02, 86.24 it/sec, feas=True, obj=164]
INFO - 16:13:39:     12%|█▏        | 24/200 [00:00<00:02, 86.78 it/sec, feas=True, obj=161]
INFO - 16:13:39:     12%|█▎        | 25/200 [00:00<00:02, 86.89 it/sec, feas=True, obj=159]
INFO - 16:13:39:     13%|█▎        | 26/200 [00:00<00:01, 87.17 it/sec, feas=True, obj=157]
INFO - 16:13:39:     14%|█▎        | 27/200 [00:00<00:01, 87.52 it/sec, feas=True, obj=156]
INFO - 16:13:39:     14%|█▍        | 28/200 [00:00<00:01, 87.81 it/sec, feas=True, obj=155]
INFO - 16:13:39:     14%|█▍        | 29/200 [00:00<00:01, 88.08 it/sec, feas=True, obj=154]
INFO - 16:13:39:     15%|█▌        | 30/200 [00:00<00:01, 88.23 it/sec, feas=True, obj=154]
INFO - 16:13:39:     16%|█▌        | 31/200 [00:00<00:01, 88.38 it/sec, feas=True, obj=153]
INFO - 16:13:39:     16%|█▌        | 32/200 [00:00<00:01, 88.60 it/sec, feas=True, obj=153]
INFO - 16:13:39:     16%|█▋        | 33/200 [00:00<00:01, 88.94 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     17%|█▋        | 34/200 [00:00<00:01, 89.14 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     18%|█▊        | 35/200 [00:00<00:01, 89.26 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     18%|█▊        | 36/200 [00:00<00:01, 89.35 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     18%|█▊        | 37/200 [00:00<00:01, 89.42 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     19%|█▉        | 38/200 [00:00<00:01, 89.51 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     20%|█▉        | 39/200 [00:00<00:01, 89.64 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     20%|██        | 40/200 [00:00<00:01, 89.72 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     20%|██        | 41/200 [00:00<00:01, 89.91 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     21%|██        | 42/200 [00:00<00:01, 90.06 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     22%|██▏       | 43/200 [00:00<00:01, 90.22 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     22%|██▏       | 44/200 [00:00<00:01, 90.37 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     22%|██▎       | 45/200 [00:00<00:01, 90.67 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     23%|██▎       | 46/200 [00:00<00:01, 90.88 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     24%|██▎       | 47/200 [00:00<00:01, 91.21 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     24%|██▍       | 48/200 [00:00<00:01, 91.54 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     24%|██▍       | 49/200 [00:00<00:01, 91.89 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     25%|██▌       | 50/200 [00:00<00:01, 92.15 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     26%|██▌       | 51/200 [00:00<00:01, 92.30 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     26%|██▌       | 52/200 [00:00<00:01, 92.38 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     26%|██▋       | 53/200 [00:00<00:01, 92.60 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     27%|██▋       | 54/200 [00:00<00:01, 92.79 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     28%|██▊       | 55/200 [00:00<00:01, 92.96 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     28%|██▊       | 56/200 [00:00<00:01, 93.17 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     28%|██▊       | 57/200 [00:00<00:01, 93.33 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     29%|██▉       | 58/200 [00:00<00:01, 93.48 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     30%|██▉       | 59/200 [00:00<00:01, 93.62 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     30%|███       | 60/200 [00:00<00:01, 93.77 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     30%|███       | 61/200 [00:00<00:01, 93.91 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     31%|███       | 62/200 [00:00<00:01, 94.07 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     32%|███▏      | 63/200 [00:00<00:01, 94.20 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     32%|███▏      | 64/200 [00:00<00:01, 94.30 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     32%|███▎      | 65/200 [00:00<00:01, 94.35 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     33%|███▎      | 66/200 [00:00<00:01, 94.43 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     34%|███▎      | 67/200 [00:00<00:01, 94.47 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     34%|███▍      | 68/200 [00:00<00:01, 94.52 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     34%|███▍      | 69/200 [00:00<00:01, 94.55 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     35%|███▌      | 70/200 [00:00<00:01, 94.58 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     36%|███▌      | 71/200 [00:00<00:01, 94.63 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     36%|███▌      | 72/200 [00:00<00:01, 94.68 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     36%|███▋      | 73/200 [00:00<00:01, 94.73 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     37%|███▋      | 74/200 [00:00<00:01, 94.76 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     38%|███▊      | 75/200 [00:00<00:01, 94.88 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     38%|███▊      | 76/200 [00:00<00:01, 94.93 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     38%|███▊      | 77/200 [00:00<00:01, 94.96 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     39%|███▉      | 78/200 [00:00<00:01, 95.00 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     40%|███▉      | 79/200 [00:00<00:01, 95.07 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     40%|████      | 80/200 [00:00<00:01, 95.15 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     40%|████      | 81/200 [00:00<00:01, 95.30 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     41%|████      | 82/200 [00:00<00:01, 95.46 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     42%|████▏     | 83/200 [00:00<00:01, 95.58 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     42%|████▏     | 84/200 [00:00<00:01, 95.68 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     42%|████▎     | 85/200 [00:00<00:01, 95.78 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     43%|████▎     | 86/200 [00:00<00:01, 95.85 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     44%|████▎     | 87/200 [00:00<00:01, 95.96 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     44%|████▍     | 88/200 [00:00<00:01, 96.07 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     44%|████▍     | 89/200 [00:00<00:01, 96.23 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     45%|████▌     | 90/200 [00:00<00:01, 96.38 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     46%|████▌     | 91/200 [00:00<00:01, 96.50 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     46%|████▌     | 92/200 [00:00<00:01, 96.62 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     46%|████▋     | 93/200 [00:00<00:01, 96.75 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     47%|████▋     | 94/200 [00:00<00:01, 96.90 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     48%|████▊     | 95/200 [00:00<00:01, 97.04 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     48%|████▊     | 96/200 [00:00<00:01, 97.18 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     48%|████▊     | 97/200 [00:00<00:01, 97.30 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     49%|████▉     | 98/200 [00:01<00:01, 97.43 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     50%|████▉     | 99/200 [00:01<00:01, 97.56 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     50%|█████     | 100/200 [00:01<00:01, 97.69 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     50%|█████     | 101/200 [00:01<00:01, 97.79 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     51%|█████     | 102/200 [00:01<00:01, 97.90 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     52%|█████▏    | 103/200 [00:01<00:00, 97.99 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     52%|█████▏    | 104/200 [00:01<00:00, 98.09 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     52%|█████▎    | 105/200 [00:01<00:00, 98.17 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     53%|█████▎    | 106/200 [00:01<00:00, 98.23 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:39:     54%|█████▎    | 107/200 [00:01<00:00, 98.30 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:40:     54%|█████▍    | 108/200 [00:01<00:00, 98.37 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:40:     55%|█████▍    | 109/200 [00:01<00:00, 98.42 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:40:     55%|█████▌    | 110/200 [00:01<00:00, 98.38 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:40:     56%|█████▌    | 111/200 [00:01<00:00, 98.42 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:40:     56%|█████▌    | 112/200 [00:01<00:00, 98.46 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:40:     56%|█████▋    | 113/200 [00:01<00:00, 98.50 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:40:     57%|█████▋    | 114/200 [00:01<00:00, 98.57 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:40:     57%|█████▊    | 115/200 [00:01<00:00, 98.65 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:40:     58%|█████▊    | 116/200 [00:01<00:00, 98.69 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:40:     58%|█████▊    | 117/200 [00:01<00:00, 98.74 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:40:     59%|█████▉    | 118/200 [00:01<00:00, 98.78 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:40:     60%|█████▉    | 119/200 [00:01<00:00, 98.81 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:40:     60%|██████    | 120/200 [00:01<00:00, 98.83 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:40:     60%|██████    | 121/200 [00:01<00:00, 98.88 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:40:     61%|██████    | 122/200 [00:01<00:00, 98.96 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:40:     62%|██████▏   | 123/200 [00:01<00:00, 99.03 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:40:     62%|██████▏   | 124/200 [00:01<00:00, 99.10 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:40:     62%|██████▎   | 125/200 [00:01<00:00, 99.18 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:40:     63%|██████▎   | 126/200 [00:01<00:00, 99.25 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:40:     64%|██████▎   | 127/200 [00:01<00:00, 99.33 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:40:     64%|██████▍   | 128/200 [00:01<00:00, 99.40 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:40:     64%|██████▍   | 129/200 [00:01<00:00, 99.44 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:40:     65%|██████▌   | 130/200 [00:01<00:00, 99.52 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:40:     66%|██████▌   | 131/200 [00:01<00:00, 99.58 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:40:     66%|██████▌   | 132/200 [00:01<00:00, 99.59 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:40:     66%|██████▋   | 133/200 [00:01<00:00, 99.65 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:40:     67%|██████▋   | 134/200 [00:01<00:00, 99.72 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:40:     68%|██████▊   | 135/200 [00:01<00:00, 99.81 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:40:     68%|██████▊   | 136/200 [00:01<00:00, 99.89 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:40:     68%|██████▊   | 137/200 [00:01<00:00, 99.97 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:40:     69%|██████▉   | 138/200 [00:01<00:00, 100.04 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:40:     70%|██████▉   | 139/200 [00:01<00:00, 100.09 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:40:     70%|███████   | 140/200 [00:01<00:00, 100.14 it/sec, feas=True, obj=152]
INFO - 16:13:40: Optimization result:
INFO - 16:13:40:    Optimizer info:
INFO - 16:13:40:       Status: None
INFO - 16:13:40:       Message: Successive iterates of the objective function are closer than ftol_rel or ftol_abs. GEMSEO stopped the driver.
INFO - 16:13:40:    Solution:
INFO - 16:13:40:       The solution is feasible.
INFO - 16:13:40:       Objective: 151.6296141795223
INFO - 16:13:40:       Standardized constraints:
INFO - 16:13:40:          [volume fraction-0.3] = 5.139993075609084e-08
INFO - 16:13:40: *** End MDOScenario execution ***

Results#

Post-process the optimization history:

scenario.post_process(
    post_name="BasicHistory", variable_names=["compliance"], show=True, save=False
)
History plot
<gemseo.post.basic_history.BasicHistory object at 0x7b1d50f9a5d0>

Plot the solution

scenario.post_process(post_name="TopologyView", n_x=n_x, n_y=n_y, show=True, save=False)
plot topology optimization L shape
<gemseo.post.topology_view.TopologyView object at 0x7b1d50ab84d0>

Total running time of the script: (0 minutes 2.091 seconds)

Gallery generated by Sphinx-Gallery