concatenater module¶
The concatenation of several input variables into a single one.
- class gemseo.disciplines.concatenater.Concatenater(input_variables, output_variable, input_coefficients=None)[source]¶
Bases:
MDODiscipline
Concatenate input variables into a single output variable.
These input variables can be scaled before concatenation.
Examples
>>> from gemseo import create_discipline >>> sellar_system_disc = create_discipline("SellarSystem") >>> constraint_names = ["c1", "c2"] >>> output_name = ["c"] >>> concatenation_disc = create_discipline( ... "Concatenater", constraint_names, output_name ... ) >>> disciplines = [sellar_system_disc, concatenation_disc] >>> chain = create_discipline("MDOChain", disciplines=disciplines) >>> print(chain.execute()) >>> print(chain.linearize(compute_all_jacobians=True))
Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
- Parameters:
- class ApproximationMode(value)¶
Bases:
StrEnum
The approximation derivation modes.
- capitalize()¶
Return a capitalized version of the string.
More specifically, make the first character have upper case and the rest lower case.
- casefold()¶
Return a version of the string suitable for caseless comparisons.
- center(width, fillchar=' ', /)¶
Return a centered string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
- count(sub[, start[, end]]) int ¶
Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in string S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
- encode(encoding='utf-8', errors='strict')¶
Encode the string using the codec registered for encoding.
- encoding
The encoding in which to encode the string.
- errors
The error handling scheme to use for encoding errors. The default is ‘strict’ meaning that encoding errors raise a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are ‘ignore’, ‘replace’ and ‘xmlcharrefreplace’ as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors.
- endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) bool ¶
Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise. With optional start, test S beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
- expandtabs(tabsize=8)¶
Return a copy where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.
If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.
- find(sub[, start[, end]]) int ¶
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Return -1 on failure.
- format(*args, **kwargs) str ¶
Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs. The substitutions are identified by braces (‘{’ and ‘}’).
- format_map(mapping) str ¶
Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from mapping. The substitutions are identified by braces (‘{’ and ‘}’).
- index(sub[, start[, end]]) int ¶
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.
- isalnum()¶
Return True if the string is an alpha-numeric string, False otherwise.
A string is alpha-numeric if all characters in the string are alpha-numeric and there is at least one character in the string.
- isalpha()¶
Return True if the string is an alphabetic string, False otherwise.
A string is alphabetic if all characters in the string are alphabetic and there is at least one character in the string.
- isascii()¶
Return True if all characters in the string are ASCII, False otherwise.
ASCII characters have code points in the range U+0000-U+007F. Empty string is ASCII too.
- isdecimal()¶
Return True if the string is a decimal string, False otherwise.
A string is a decimal string if all characters in the string are decimal and there is at least one character in the string.
- isdigit()¶
Return True if the string is a digit string, False otherwise.
A string is a digit string if all characters in the string are digits and there is at least one character in the string.
- isidentifier()¶
Return True if the string is a valid Python identifier, False otherwise.
Call keyword.iskeyword(s) to test whether string s is a reserved identifier, such as “def” or “class”.
- islower()¶
Return True if the string is a lowercase string, False otherwise.
A string is lowercase if all cased characters in the string are lowercase and there is at least one cased character in the string.
- isnumeric()¶
Return True if the string is a numeric string, False otherwise.
A string is numeric if all characters in the string are numeric and there is at least one character in the string.
- isprintable()¶
Return True if the string is printable, False otherwise.
A string is printable if all of its characters are considered printable in repr() or if it is empty.
- isspace()¶
Return True if the string is a whitespace string, False otherwise.
A string is whitespace if all characters in the string are whitespace and there is at least one character in the string.
- istitle()¶
Return True if the string is a title-cased string, False otherwise.
In a title-cased string, upper- and title-case characters may only follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones.
- isupper()¶
Return True if the string is an uppercase string, False otherwise.
A string is uppercase if all cased characters in the string are uppercase and there is at least one cased character in the string.
- join(iterable, /)¶
Concatenate any number of strings.
The string whose method is called is inserted in between each given string. The result is returned as a new string.
Example: ‘.’.join([‘ab’, ‘pq’, ‘rs’]) -> ‘ab.pq.rs’
- ljust(width, fillchar=' ', /)¶
Return a left-justified string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
- lower()¶
Return a copy of the string converted to lowercase.
- lstrip(chars=None, /)¶
Return a copy of the string with leading whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
- static maketrans()¶
Return a translation table usable for str.translate().
If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode ordinals (integers) or characters to Unicode ordinals, strings or None. Character keys will be then converted to ordinals. If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and in the resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the character at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it must be a string, whose characters will be mapped to None in the result.
- partition(sep, /)¶
Partition the string into three parts using the given separator.
This will search for the separator in the string. If the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part after it.
If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing the original string and two empty strings.
- removeprefix(prefix, /)¶
Return a str with the given prefix string removed if present.
If the string starts with the prefix string, return string[len(prefix):]. Otherwise, return a copy of the original string.
- removesuffix(suffix, /)¶
Return a str with the given suffix string removed if present.
If the string ends with the suffix string and that suffix is not empty, return string[:-len(suffix)]. Otherwise, return a copy of the original string.
- replace(old, new, count=-1, /)¶
Return a copy with all occurrences of substring old replaced by new.
- count
Maximum number of occurrences to replace. -1 (the default value) means replace all occurrences.
If the optional argument count is given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.
- rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) int ¶
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Return -1 on failure.
- rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) int ¶
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.
- rjust(width, fillchar=' ', /)¶
Return a right-justified string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
- rpartition(sep, /)¶
Partition the string into three parts using the given separator.
This will search for the separator in the string, starting at the end. If the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part after it.
If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing two empty strings and the original string.
- rsplit(sep=None, maxsplit=-1)¶
Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the delimiter string.
- sep
The delimiter according which to split the string. None (the default value) means split according to any whitespace, and discard empty strings from the result.
- maxsplit
Maximum number of splits to do. -1 (the default value) means no limit.
Splits are done starting at the end of the string and working to the front.
- rstrip(chars=None, /)¶
Return a copy of the string with trailing whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
- split(sep=None, maxsplit=-1)¶
Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the delimiter string.
- sep
The delimiter according which to split the string. None (the default value) means split according to any whitespace, and discard empty strings from the result.
- maxsplit
Maximum number of splits to do. -1 (the default value) means no limit.
- splitlines(keepends=False)¶
Return a list of the lines in the string, breaking at line boundaries.
Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends is given and true.
- startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) bool ¶
Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise. With optional start, test S beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
- strip(chars=None, /)¶
Return a copy of the string with leading and trailing whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
- swapcase()¶
Convert uppercase characters to lowercase and lowercase characters to uppercase.
- title()¶
Return a version of the string where each word is titlecased.
More specifically, words start with uppercased characters and all remaining cased characters have lower case.
- translate(table, /)¶
Replace each character in the string using the given translation table.
- table
Translation table, which must be a mapping of Unicode ordinals to Unicode ordinals, strings, or None.
The table must implement lookup/indexing via __getitem__, for instance a dictionary or list. If this operation raises LookupError, the character is left untouched. Characters mapped to None are deleted.
- upper()¶
Return a copy of the string converted to uppercase.
- zfill(width, /)¶
Pad a numeric string with zeros on the left, to fill a field of the given width.
The string is never truncated.
- CENTERED_DIFFERENCES = 'centered_differences'¶
The centered differences method used to approximate the Jacobians by perturbing each variable with a small real number.
- COMPLEX_STEP = 'complex_step'¶
The complex step method used to approximate the Jacobians by perturbing each variable with a small complex number.
- FINITE_DIFFERENCES = 'finite_differences'¶
The finite differences method used to approximate the Jacobians by perturbing each variable with a small real number.
- class CacheType(value)¶
Bases:
StrEnum
The name of the cache class.
- capitalize()¶
Return a capitalized version of the string.
More specifically, make the first character have upper case and the rest lower case.
- casefold()¶
Return a version of the string suitable for caseless comparisons.
- center(width, fillchar=' ', /)¶
Return a centered string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
- count(sub[, start[, end]]) int ¶
Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in string S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
- encode(encoding='utf-8', errors='strict')¶
Encode the string using the codec registered for encoding.
- encoding
The encoding in which to encode the string.
- errors
The error handling scheme to use for encoding errors. The default is ‘strict’ meaning that encoding errors raise a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are ‘ignore’, ‘replace’ and ‘xmlcharrefreplace’ as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors.
- endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) bool ¶
Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise. With optional start, test S beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
- expandtabs(tabsize=8)¶
Return a copy where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.
If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.
- find(sub[, start[, end]]) int ¶
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Return -1 on failure.
- format(*args, **kwargs) str ¶
Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs. The substitutions are identified by braces (‘{’ and ‘}’).
- format_map(mapping) str ¶
Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from mapping. The substitutions are identified by braces (‘{’ and ‘}’).
- index(sub[, start[, end]]) int ¶
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.
- isalnum()¶
Return True if the string is an alpha-numeric string, False otherwise.
A string is alpha-numeric if all characters in the string are alpha-numeric and there is at least one character in the string.
- isalpha()¶
Return True if the string is an alphabetic string, False otherwise.
A string is alphabetic if all characters in the string are alphabetic and there is at least one character in the string.
- isascii()¶
Return True if all characters in the string are ASCII, False otherwise.
ASCII characters have code points in the range U+0000-U+007F. Empty string is ASCII too.
- isdecimal()¶
Return True if the string is a decimal string, False otherwise.
A string is a decimal string if all characters in the string are decimal and there is at least one character in the string.
- isdigit()¶
Return True if the string is a digit string, False otherwise.
A string is a digit string if all characters in the string are digits and there is at least one character in the string.
- isidentifier()¶
Return True if the string is a valid Python identifier, False otherwise.
Call keyword.iskeyword(s) to test whether string s is a reserved identifier, such as “def” or “class”.
- islower()¶
Return True if the string is a lowercase string, False otherwise.
A string is lowercase if all cased characters in the string are lowercase and there is at least one cased character in the string.
- isnumeric()¶
Return True if the string is a numeric string, False otherwise.
A string is numeric if all characters in the string are numeric and there is at least one character in the string.
- isprintable()¶
Return True if the string is printable, False otherwise.
A string is printable if all of its characters are considered printable in repr() or if it is empty.
- isspace()¶
Return True if the string is a whitespace string, False otherwise.
A string is whitespace if all characters in the string are whitespace and there is at least one character in the string.
- istitle()¶
Return True if the string is a title-cased string, False otherwise.
In a title-cased string, upper- and title-case characters may only follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones.
- isupper()¶
Return True if the string is an uppercase string, False otherwise.
A string is uppercase if all cased characters in the string are uppercase and there is at least one cased character in the string.
- join(iterable, /)¶
Concatenate any number of strings.
The string whose method is called is inserted in between each given string. The result is returned as a new string.
Example: ‘.’.join([‘ab’, ‘pq’, ‘rs’]) -> ‘ab.pq.rs’
- ljust(width, fillchar=' ', /)¶
Return a left-justified string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
- lower()¶
Return a copy of the string converted to lowercase.
- lstrip(chars=None, /)¶
Return a copy of the string with leading whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
- static maketrans()¶
Return a translation table usable for str.translate().
If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode ordinals (integers) or characters to Unicode ordinals, strings or None. Character keys will be then converted to ordinals. If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and in the resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the character at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it must be a string, whose characters will be mapped to None in the result.
- partition(sep, /)¶
Partition the string into three parts using the given separator.
This will search for the separator in the string. If the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part after it.
If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing the original string and two empty strings.
- removeprefix(prefix, /)¶
Return a str with the given prefix string removed if present.
If the string starts with the prefix string, return string[len(prefix):]. Otherwise, return a copy of the original string.
- removesuffix(suffix, /)¶
Return a str with the given suffix string removed if present.
If the string ends with the suffix string and that suffix is not empty, return string[:-len(suffix)]. Otherwise, return a copy of the original string.
- replace(old, new, count=-1, /)¶
Return a copy with all occurrences of substring old replaced by new.
- count
Maximum number of occurrences to replace. -1 (the default value) means replace all occurrences.
If the optional argument count is given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.
- rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) int ¶
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Return -1 on failure.
- rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) int ¶
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.
- rjust(width, fillchar=' ', /)¶
Return a right-justified string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
- rpartition(sep, /)¶
Partition the string into three parts using the given separator.
This will search for the separator in the string, starting at the end. If the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part after it.
If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing two empty strings and the original string.
- rsplit(sep=None, maxsplit=-1)¶
Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the delimiter string.
- sep
The delimiter according which to split the string. None (the default value) means split according to any whitespace, and discard empty strings from the result.
- maxsplit
Maximum number of splits to do. -1 (the default value) means no limit.
Splits are done starting at the end of the string and working to the front.
- rstrip(chars=None, /)¶
Return a copy of the string with trailing whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
- split(sep=None, maxsplit=-1)¶
Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the delimiter string.
- sep
The delimiter according which to split the string. None (the default value) means split according to any whitespace, and discard empty strings from the result.
- maxsplit
Maximum number of splits to do. -1 (the default value) means no limit.
- splitlines(keepends=False)¶
Return a list of the lines in the string, breaking at line boundaries.
Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends is given and true.
- startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) bool ¶
Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise. With optional start, test S beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
- strip(chars=None, /)¶
Return a copy of the string with leading and trailing whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
- swapcase()¶
Convert uppercase characters to lowercase and lowercase characters to uppercase.
- title()¶
Return a version of the string where each word is titlecased.
More specifically, words start with uppercased characters and all remaining cased characters have lower case.
- translate(table, /)¶
Replace each character in the string using the given translation table.
- table
Translation table, which must be a mapping of Unicode ordinals to Unicode ordinals, strings, or None.
The table must implement lookup/indexing via __getitem__, for instance a dictionary or list. If this operation raises LookupError, the character is left untouched. Characters mapped to None are deleted.
- upper()¶
Return a copy of the string converted to uppercase.
- zfill(width, /)¶
Pad a numeric string with zeros on the left, to fill a field of the given width.
The string is never truncated.
- HDF5 = 'HDF5Cache'¶
- MEMORY_FULL = 'MemoryFullCache'¶
- NONE = ''¶
No cache is used.
- SIMPLE = 'SimpleCache'¶
- class ExecutionStatus(value)¶
Bases:
StrEnum
The execution statuses of a discipline.
- capitalize()¶
Return a capitalized version of the string.
More specifically, make the first character have upper case and the rest lower case.
- casefold()¶
Return a version of the string suitable for caseless comparisons.
- center(width, fillchar=' ', /)¶
Return a centered string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
- count(sub[, start[, end]]) int ¶
Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in string S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
- encode(encoding='utf-8', errors='strict')¶
Encode the string using the codec registered for encoding.
- encoding
The encoding in which to encode the string.
- errors
The error handling scheme to use for encoding errors. The default is ‘strict’ meaning that encoding errors raise a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are ‘ignore’, ‘replace’ and ‘xmlcharrefreplace’ as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors.
- endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) bool ¶
Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise. With optional start, test S beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
- expandtabs(tabsize=8)¶
Return a copy where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.
If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.
- find(sub[, start[, end]]) int ¶
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Return -1 on failure.
- format(*args, **kwargs) str ¶
Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs. The substitutions are identified by braces (‘{’ and ‘}’).
- format_map(mapping) str ¶
Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from mapping. The substitutions are identified by braces (‘{’ and ‘}’).
- index(sub[, start[, end]]) int ¶
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.
- isalnum()¶
Return True if the string is an alpha-numeric string, False otherwise.
A string is alpha-numeric if all characters in the string are alpha-numeric and there is at least one character in the string.
- isalpha()¶
Return True if the string is an alphabetic string, False otherwise.
A string is alphabetic if all characters in the string are alphabetic and there is at least one character in the string.
- isascii()¶
Return True if all characters in the string are ASCII, False otherwise.
ASCII characters have code points in the range U+0000-U+007F. Empty string is ASCII too.
- isdecimal()¶
Return True if the string is a decimal string, False otherwise.
A string is a decimal string if all characters in the string are decimal and there is at least one character in the string.
- isdigit()¶
Return True if the string is a digit string, False otherwise.
A string is a digit string if all characters in the string are digits and there is at least one character in the string.
- isidentifier()¶
Return True if the string is a valid Python identifier, False otherwise.
Call keyword.iskeyword(s) to test whether string s is a reserved identifier, such as “def” or “class”.
- islower()¶
Return True if the string is a lowercase string, False otherwise.
A string is lowercase if all cased characters in the string are lowercase and there is at least one cased character in the string.
- isnumeric()¶
Return True if the string is a numeric string, False otherwise.
A string is numeric if all characters in the string are numeric and there is at least one character in the string.
- isprintable()¶
Return True if the string is printable, False otherwise.
A string is printable if all of its characters are considered printable in repr() or if it is empty.
- isspace()¶
Return True if the string is a whitespace string, False otherwise.
A string is whitespace if all characters in the string are whitespace and there is at least one character in the string.
- istitle()¶
Return True if the string is a title-cased string, False otherwise.
In a title-cased string, upper- and title-case characters may only follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones.
- isupper()¶
Return True if the string is an uppercase string, False otherwise.
A string is uppercase if all cased characters in the string are uppercase and there is at least one cased character in the string.
- join(iterable, /)¶
Concatenate any number of strings.
The string whose method is called is inserted in between each given string. The result is returned as a new string.
Example: ‘.’.join([‘ab’, ‘pq’, ‘rs’]) -> ‘ab.pq.rs’
- ljust(width, fillchar=' ', /)¶
Return a left-justified string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
- lower()¶
Return a copy of the string converted to lowercase.
- lstrip(chars=None, /)¶
Return a copy of the string with leading whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
- static maketrans()¶
Return a translation table usable for str.translate().
If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode ordinals (integers) or characters to Unicode ordinals, strings or None. Character keys will be then converted to ordinals. If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and in the resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the character at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it must be a string, whose characters will be mapped to None in the result.
- partition(sep, /)¶
Partition the string into three parts using the given separator.
This will search for the separator in the string. If the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part after it.
If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing the original string and two empty strings.
- removeprefix(prefix, /)¶
Return a str with the given prefix string removed if present.
If the string starts with the prefix string, return string[len(prefix):]. Otherwise, return a copy of the original string.
- removesuffix(suffix, /)¶
Return a str with the given suffix string removed if present.
If the string ends with the suffix string and that suffix is not empty, return string[:-len(suffix)]. Otherwise, return a copy of the original string.
- replace(old, new, count=-1, /)¶
Return a copy with all occurrences of substring old replaced by new.
- count
Maximum number of occurrences to replace. -1 (the default value) means replace all occurrences.
If the optional argument count is given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.
- rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) int ¶
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Return -1 on failure.
- rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) int ¶
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.
- rjust(width, fillchar=' ', /)¶
Return a right-justified string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
- rpartition(sep, /)¶
Partition the string into three parts using the given separator.
This will search for the separator in the string, starting at the end. If the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part after it.
If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing two empty strings and the original string.
- rsplit(sep=None, maxsplit=-1)¶
Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the delimiter string.
- sep
The delimiter according which to split the string. None (the default value) means split according to any whitespace, and discard empty strings from the result.
- maxsplit
Maximum number of splits to do. -1 (the default value) means no limit.
Splits are done starting at the end of the string and working to the front.
- rstrip(chars=None, /)¶
Return a copy of the string with trailing whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
- split(sep=None, maxsplit=-1)¶
Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the delimiter string.
- sep
The delimiter according which to split the string. None (the default value) means split according to any whitespace, and discard empty strings from the result.
- maxsplit
Maximum number of splits to do. -1 (the default value) means no limit.
- splitlines(keepends=False)¶
Return a list of the lines in the string, breaking at line boundaries.
Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends is given and true.
- startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) bool ¶
Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise. With optional start, test S beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
- strip(chars=None, /)¶
Return a copy of the string with leading and trailing whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
- swapcase()¶
Convert uppercase characters to lowercase and lowercase characters to uppercase.
- title()¶
Return a version of the string where each word is titlecased.
More specifically, words start with uppercased characters and all remaining cased characters have lower case.
- translate(table, /)¶
Replace each character in the string using the given translation table.
- table
Translation table, which must be a mapping of Unicode ordinals to Unicode ordinals, strings, or None.
The table must implement lookup/indexing via __getitem__, for instance a dictionary or list. If this operation raises LookupError, the character is left untouched. Characters mapped to None are deleted.
- upper()¶
Return a copy of the string converted to uppercase.
- zfill(width, /)¶
Pad a numeric string with zeros on the left, to fill a field of the given width.
The string is never truncated.
- DONE = 'DONE'¶
- FAILED = 'FAILED'¶
- LINEARIZE = 'LINEARIZE'¶
- PENDING = 'PENDING'¶
- RUNNING = 'RUNNING'¶
- VIRTUAL = 'VIRTUAL'¶
- class GrammarType(value)¶
Bases:
StrEnum
The name of the grammar class.
- capitalize()¶
Return a capitalized version of the string.
More specifically, make the first character have upper case and the rest lower case.
- casefold()¶
Return a version of the string suitable for caseless comparisons.
- center(width, fillchar=' ', /)¶
Return a centered string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
- count(sub[, start[, end]]) int ¶
Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in string S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
- encode(encoding='utf-8', errors='strict')¶
Encode the string using the codec registered for encoding.
- encoding
The encoding in which to encode the string.
- errors
The error handling scheme to use for encoding errors. The default is ‘strict’ meaning that encoding errors raise a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are ‘ignore’, ‘replace’ and ‘xmlcharrefreplace’ as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors.
- endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) bool ¶
Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise. With optional start, test S beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
- expandtabs(tabsize=8)¶
Return a copy where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.
If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.
- find(sub[, start[, end]]) int ¶
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Return -1 on failure.
- format(*args, **kwargs) str ¶
Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs. The substitutions are identified by braces (‘{’ and ‘}’).
- format_map(mapping) str ¶
Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from mapping. The substitutions are identified by braces (‘{’ and ‘}’).
- index(sub[, start[, end]]) int ¶
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.
- isalnum()¶
Return True if the string is an alpha-numeric string, False otherwise.
A string is alpha-numeric if all characters in the string are alpha-numeric and there is at least one character in the string.
- isalpha()¶
Return True if the string is an alphabetic string, False otherwise.
A string is alphabetic if all characters in the string are alphabetic and there is at least one character in the string.
- isascii()¶
Return True if all characters in the string are ASCII, False otherwise.
ASCII characters have code points in the range U+0000-U+007F. Empty string is ASCII too.
- isdecimal()¶
Return True if the string is a decimal string, False otherwise.
A string is a decimal string if all characters in the string are decimal and there is at least one character in the string.
- isdigit()¶
Return True if the string is a digit string, False otherwise.
A string is a digit string if all characters in the string are digits and there is at least one character in the string.
- isidentifier()¶
Return True if the string is a valid Python identifier, False otherwise.
Call keyword.iskeyword(s) to test whether string s is a reserved identifier, such as “def” or “class”.
- islower()¶
Return True if the string is a lowercase string, False otherwise.
A string is lowercase if all cased characters in the string are lowercase and there is at least one cased character in the string.
- isnumeric()¶
Return True if the string is a numeric string, False otherwise.
A string is numeric if all characters in the string are numeric and there is at least one character in the string.
- isprintable()¶
Return True if the string is printable, False otherwise.
A string is printable if all of its characters are considered printable in repr() or if it is empty.
- isspace()¶
Return True if the string is a whitespace string, False otherwise.
A string is whitespace if all characters in the string are whitespace and there is at least one character in the string.
- istitle()¶
Return True if the string is a title-cased string, False otherwise.
In a title-cased string, upper- and title-case characters may only follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones.
- isupper()¶
Return True if the string is an uppercase string, False otherwise.
A string is uppercase if all cased characters in the string are uppercase and there is at least one cased character in the string.
- join(iterable, /)¶
Concatenate any number of strings.
The string whose method is called is inserted in between each given string. The result is returned as a new string.
Example: ‘.’.join([‘ab’, ‘pq’, ‘rs’]) -> ‘ab.pq.rs’
- ljust(width, fillchar=' ', /)¶
Return a left-justified string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
- lower()¶
Return a copy of the string converted to lowercase.
- lstrip(chars=None, /)¶
Return a copy of the string with leading whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
- static maketrans()¶
Return a translation table usable for str.translate().
If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode ordinals (integers) or characters to Unicode ordinals, strings or None. Character keys will be then converted to ordinals. If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and in the resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the character at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it must be a string, whose characters will be mapped to None in the result.
- partition(sep, /)¶
Partition the string into three parts using the given separator.
This will search for the separator in the string. If the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part after it.
If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing the original string and two empty strings.
- removeprefix(prefix, /)¶
Return a str with the given prefix string removed if present.
If the string starts with the prefix string, return string[len(prefix):]. Otherwise, return a copy of the original string.
- removesuffix(suffix, /)¶
Return a str with the given suffix string removed if present.
If the string ends with the suffix string and that suffix is not empty, return string[:-len(suffix)]. Otherwise, return a copy of the original string.
- replace(old, new, count=-1, /)¶
Return a copy with all occurrences of substring old replaced by new.
- count
Maximum number of occurrences to replace. -1 (the default value) means replace all occurrences.
If the optional argument count is given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.
- rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) int ¶
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Return -1 on failure.
- rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) int ¶
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.
- rjust(width, fillchar=' ', /)¶
Return a right-justified string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
- rpartition(sep, /)¶
Partition the string into three parts using the given separator.
This will search for the separator in the string, starting at the end. If the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part after it.
If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing two empty strings and the original string.
- rsplit(sep=None, maxsplit=-1)¶
Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the delimiter string.
- sep
The delimiter according which to split the string. None (the default value) means split according to any whitespace, and discard empty strings from the result.
- maxsplit
Maximum number of splits to do. -1 (the default value) means no limit.
Splits are done starting at the end of the string and working to the front.
- rstrip(chars=None, /)¶
Return a copy of the string with trailing whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
- split(sep=None, maxsplit=-1)¶
Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the delimiter string.
- sep
The delimiter according which to split the string. None (the default value) means split according to any whitespace, and discard empty strings from the result.
- maxsplit
Maximum number of splits to do. -1 (the default value) means no limit.
- splitlines(keepends=False)¶
Return a list of the lines in the string, breaking at line boundaries.
Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends is given and true.
- startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) bool ¶
Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise. With optional start, test S beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
- strip(chars=None, /)¶
Return a copy of the string with leading and trailing whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
- swapcase()¶
Convert uppercase characters to lowercase and lowercase characters to uppercase.
- title()¶
Return a version of the string where each word is titlecased.
More specifically, words start with uppercased characters and all remaining cased characters have lower case.
- translate(table, /)¶
Replace each character in the string using the given translation table.
- table
Translation table, which must be a mapping of Unicode ordinals to Unicode ordinals, strings, or None.
The table must implement lookup/indexing via __getitem__, for instance a dictionary or list. If this operation raises LookupError, the character is left untouched. Characters mapped to None are deleted.
- upper()¶
Return a copy of the string converted to uppercase.
- zfill(width, /)¶
Pad a numeric string with zeros on the left, to fill a field of the given width.
The string is never truncated.
- JSON = 'JSONGrammar'¶
- PYDANTIC = 'PydanticGrammar'¶
- SIMPLE = 'SimpleGrammar'¶
- SIMPLER = 'SimplerGrammar'¶
- class InitJacobianType(value)¶
Bases:
StrEnum
The way to initialize Jacobian matrices.
- capitalize()¶
Return a capitalized version of the string.
More specifically, make the first character have upper case and the rest lower case.
- casefold()¶
Return a version of the string suitable for caseless comparisons.
- center(width, fillchar=' ', /)¶
Return a centered string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
- count(sub[, start[, end]]) int ¶
Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in string S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
- encode(encoding='utf-8', errors='strict')¶
Encode the string using the codec registered for encoding.
- encoding
The encoding in which to encode the string.
- errors
The error handling scheme to use for encoding errors. The default is ‘strict’ meaning that encoding errors raise a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are ‘ignore’, ‘replace’ and ‘xmlcharrefreplace’ as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors.
- endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) bool ¶
Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise. With optional start, test S beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
- expandtabs(tabsize=8)¶
Return a copy where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.
If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.
- find(sub[, start[, end]]) int ¶
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Return -1 on failure.
- format(*args, **kwargs) str ¶
Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs. The substitutions are identified by braces (‘{’ and ‘}’).
- format_map(mapping) str ¶
Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from mapping. The substitutions are identified by braces (‘{’ and ‘}’).
- index(sub[, start[, end]]) int ¶
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.
- isalnum()¶
Return True if the string is an alpha-numeric string, False otherwise.
A string is alpha-numeric if all characters in the string are alpha-numeric and there is at least one character in the string.
- isalpha()¶
Return True if the string is an alphabetic string, False otherwise.
A string is alphabetic if all characters in the string are alphabetic and there is at least one character in the string.
- isascii()¶
Return True if all characters in the string are ASCII, False otherwise.
ASCII characters have code points in the range U+0000-U+007F. Empty string is ASCII too.
- isdecimal()¶
Return True if the string is a decimal string, False otherwise.
A string is a decimal string if all characters in the string are decimal and there is at least one character in the string.
- isdigit()¶
Return True if the string is a digit string, False otherwise.
A string is a digit string if all characters in the string are digits and there is at least one character in the string.
- isidentifier()¶
Return True if the string is a valid Python identifier, False otherwise.
Call keyword.iskeyword(s) to test whether string s is a reserved identifier, such as “def” or “class”.
- islower()¶
Return True if the string is a lowercase string, False otherwise.
A string is lowercase if all cased characters in the string are lowercase and there is at least one cased character in the string.
- isnumeric()¶
Return True if the string is a numeric string, False otherwise.
A string is numeric if all characters in the string are numeric and there is at least one character in the string.
- isprintable()¶
Return True if the string is printable, False otherwise.
A string is printable if all of its characters are considered printable in repr() or if it is empty.
- isspace()¶
Return True if the string is a whitespace string, False otherwise.
A string is whitespace if all characters in the string are whitespace and there is at least one character in the string.
- istitle()¶
Return True if the string is a title-cased string, False otherwise.
In a title-cased string, upper- and title-case characters may only follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones.
- isupper()¶
Return True if the string is an uppercase string, False otherwise.
A string is uppercase if all cased characters in the string are uppercase and there is at least one cased character in the string.
- join(iterable, /)¶
Concatenate any number of strings.
The string whose method is called is inserted in between each given string. The result is returned as a new string.
Example: ‘.’.join([‘ab’, ‘pq’, ‘rs’]) -> ‘ab.pq.rs’
- ljust(width, fillchar=' ', /)¶
Return a left-justified string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
- lower()¶
Return a copy of the string converted to lowercase.
- lstrip(chars=None, /)¶
Return a copy of the string with leading whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
- static maketrans()¶
Return a translation table usable for str.translate().
If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode ordinals (integers) or characters to Unicode ordinals, strings or None. Character keys will be then converted to ordinals. If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and in the resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the character at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it must be a string, whose characters will be mapped to None in the result.
- partition(sep, /)¶
Partition the string into three parts using the given separator.
This will search for the separator in the string. If the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part after it.
If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing the original string and two empty strings.
- removeprefix(prefix, /)¶
Return a str with the given prefix string removed if present.
If the string starts with the prefix string, return string[len(prefix):]. Otherwise, return a copy of the original string.
- removesuffix(suffix, /)¶
Return a str with the given suffix string removed if present.
If the string ends with the suffix string and that suffix is not empty, return string[:-len(suffix)]. Otherwise, return a copy of the original string.
- replace(old, new, count=-1, /)¶
Return a copy with all occurrences of substring old replaced by new.
- count
Maximum number of occurrences to replace. -1 (the default value) means replace all occurrences.
If the optional argument count is given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.
- rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) int ¶
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Return -1 on failure.
- rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) int ¶
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.
- rjust(width, fillchar=' ', /)¶
Return a right-justified string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
- rpartition(sep, /)¶
Partition the string into three parts using the given separator.
This will search for the separator in the string, starting at the end. If the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part after it.
If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing two empty strings and the original string.
- rsplit(sep=None, maxsplit=-1)¶
Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the delimiter string.
- sep
The delimiter according which to split the string. None (the default value) means split according to any whitespace, and discard empty strings from the result.
- maxsplit
Maximum number of splits to do. -1 (the default value) means no limit.
Splits are done starting at the end of the string and working to the front.
- rstrip(chars=None, /)¶
Return a copy of the string with trailing whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
- split(sep=None, maxsplit=-1)¶
Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the delimiter string.
- sep
The delimiter according which to split the string. None (the default value) means split according to any whitespace, and discard empty strings from the result.
- maxsplit
Maximum number of splits to do. -1 (the default value) means no limit.
- splitlines(keepends=False)¶
Return a list of the lines in the string, breaking at line boundaries.
Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends is given and true.
- startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) bool ¶
Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise. With optional start, test S beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
- strip(chars=None, /)¶
Return a copy of the string with leading and trailing whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
- swapcase()¶
Convert uppercase characters to lowercase and lowercase characters to uppercase.
- title()¶
Return a version of the string where each word is titlecased.
More specifically, words start with uppercased characters and all remaining cased characters have lower case.
- translate(table, /)¶
Replace each character in the string using the given translation table.
- table
Translation table, which must be a mapping of Unicode ordinals to Unicode ordinals, strings, or None.
The table must implement lookup/indexing via __getitem__, for instance a dictionary or list. If this operation raises LookupError, the character is left untouched. Characters mapped to None are deleted.
- upper()¶
Return a copy of the string converted to uppercase.
- zfill(width, /)¶
Pad a numeric string with zeros on the left, to fill a field of the given width.
The string is never truncated.
- DENSE = 'dense'¶
The Jacobian is initialized as a NumPy ndarray filled in with zeros.
- EMPTY = 'empty'¶
The Jacobian is initialized as an empty NumPy ndarray.
- SPARSE = 'sparse'¶
The Jacobian is initialized as a SciPy CSR array with zero elements.
- class LinearizationMode(value)¶
Bases:
StrEnum
An enumeration.
- capitalize()¶
Return a capitalized version of the string.
More specifically, make the first character have upper case and the rest lower case.
- casefold()¶
Return a version of the string suitable for caseless comparisons.
- center(width, fillchar=' ', /)¶
Return a centered string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
- count(sub[, start[, end]]) int ¶
Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in string S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
- encode(encoding='utf-8', errors='strict')¶
Encode the string using the codec registered for encoding.
- encoding
The encoding in which to encode the string.
- errors
The error handling scheme to use for encoding errors. The default is ‘strict’ meaning that encoding errors raise a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are ‘ignore’, ‘replace’ and ‘xmlcharrefreplace’ as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors.
- endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) bool ¶
Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise. With optional start, test S beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
- expandtabs(tabsize=8)¶
Return a copy where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.
If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.
- find(sub[, start[, end]]) int ¶
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Return -1 on failure.
- format(*args, **kwargs) str ¶
Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs. The substitutions are identified by braces (‘{’ and ‘}’).
- format_map(mapping) str ¶
Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from mapping. The substitutions are identified by braces (‘{’ and ‘}’).
- index(sub[, start[, end]]) int ¶
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.
- isalnum()¶
Return True if the string is an alpha-numeric string, False otherwise.
A string is alpha-numeric if all characters in the string are alpha-numeric and there is at least one character in the string.
- isalpha()¶
Return True if the string is an alphabetic string, False otherwise.
A string is alphabetic if all characters in the string are alphabetic and there is at least one character in the string.
- isascii()¶
Return True if all characters in the string are ASCII, False otherwise.
ASCII characters have code points in the range U+0000-U+007F. Empty string is ASCII too.
- isdecimal()¶
Return True if the string is a decimal string, False otherwise.
A string is a decimal string if all characters in the string are decimal and there is at least one character in the string.
- isdigit()¶
Return True if the string is a digit string, False otherwise.
A string is a digit string if all characters in the string are digits and there is at least one character in the string.
- isidentifier()¶
Return True if the string is a valid Python identifier, False otherwise.
Call keyword.iskeyword(s) to test whether string s is a reserved identifier, such as “def” or “class”.
- islower()¶
Return True if the string is a lowercase string, False otherwise.
A string is lowercase if all cased characters in the string are lowercase and there is at least one cased character in the string.
- isnumeric()¶
Return True if the string is a numeric string, False otherwise.
A string is numeric if all characters in the string are numeric and there is at least one character in the string.
- isprintable()¶
Return True if the string is printable, False otherwise.
A string is printable if all of its characters are considered printable in repr() or if it is empty.
- isspace()¶
Return True if the string is a whitespace string, False otherwise.
A string is whitespace if all characters in the string are whitespace and there is at least one character in the string.
- istitle()¶
Return True if the string is a title-cased string, False otherwise.
In a title-cased string, upper- and title-case characters may only follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones.
- isupper()¶
Return True if the string is an uppercase string, False otherwise.
A string is uppercase if all cased characters in the string are uppercase and there is at least one cased character in the string.
- join(iterable, /)¶
Concatenate any number of strings.
The string whose method is called is inserted in between each given string. The result is returned as a new string.
Example: ‘.’.join([‘ab’, ‘pq’, ‘rs’]) -> ‘ab.pq.rs’
- ljust(width, fillchar=' ', /)¶
Return a left-justified string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
- lower()¶
Return a copy of the string converted to lowercase.
- lstrip(chars=None, /)¶
Return a copy of the string with leading whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
- static maketrans()¶
Return a translation table usable for str.translate().
If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode ordinals (integers) or characters to Unicode ordinals, strings or None. Character keys will be then converted to ordinals. If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and in the resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the character at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it must be a string, whose characters will be mapped to None in the result.
- partition(sep, /)¶
Partition the string into three parts using the given separator.
This will search for the separator in the string. If the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part after it.
If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing the original string and two empty strings.
- removeprefix(prefix, /)¶
Return a str with the given prefix string removed if present.
If the string starts with the prefix string, return string[len(prefix):]. Otherwise, return a copy of the original string.
- removesuffix(suffix, /)¶
Return a str with the given suffix string removed if present.
If the string ends with the suffix string and that suffix is not empty, return string[:-len(suffix)]. Otherwise, return a copy of the original string.
- replace(old, new, count=-1, /)¶
Return a copy with all occurrences of substring old replaced by new.
- count
Maximum number of occurrences to replace. -1 (the default value) means replace all occurrences.
If the optional argument count is given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.
- rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) int ¶
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Return -1 on failure.
- rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) int ¶
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.
- rjust(width, fillchar=' ', /)¶
Return a right-justified string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
- rpartition(sep, /)¶
Partition the string into three parts using the given separator.
This will search for the separator in the string, starting at the end. If the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part after it.
If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing two empty strings and the original string.
- rsplit(sep=None, maxsplit=-1)¶
Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the delimiter string.
- sep
The delimiter according which to split the string. None (the default value) means split according to any whitespace, and discard empty strings from the result.
- maxsplit
Maximum number of splits to do. -1 (the default value) means no limit.
Splits are done starting at the end of the string and working to the front.
- rstrip(chars=None, /)¶
Return a copy of the string with trailing whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
- split(sep=None, maxsplit=-1)¶
Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the delimiter string.
- sep
The delimiter according which to split the string. None (the default value) means split according to any whitespace, and discard empty strings from the result.
- maxsplit
Maximum number of splits to do. -1 (the default value) means no limit.
- splitlines(keepends=False)¶
Return a list of the lines in the string, breaking at line boundaries.
Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends is given and true.
- startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) bool ¶
Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise. With optional start, test S beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
- strip(chars=None, /)¶
Return a copy of the string with leading and trailing whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
- swapcase()¶
Convert uppercase characters to lowercase and lowercase characters to uppercase.
- title()¶
Return a version of the string where each word is titlecased.
More specifically, words start with uppercased characters and all remaining cased characters have lower case.
- translate(table, /)¶
Replace each character in the string using the given translation table.
- table
Translation table, which must be a mapping of Unicode ordinals to Unicode ordinals, strings, or None.
The table must implement lookup/indexing via __getitem__, for instance a dictionary or list. If this operation raises LookupError, the character is left untouched. Characters mapped to None are deleted.
- upper()¶
Return a copy of the string converted to uppercase.
- zfill(width, /)¶
Pad a numeric string with zeros on the left, to fill a field of the given width.
The string is never truncated.
- ADJOINT = 'adjoint'¶
- AUTO = 'auto'¶
- CENTERED_DIFFERENCES = 'centered_differences'¶
- COMPLEX_STEP = 'complex_step'¶
- DIRECT = 'direct'¶
- FINITE_DIFFERENCES = 'finite_differences'¶
- REVERSE = 'reverse'¶
- class ReExecutionPolicy(value)¶
Bases:
StrEnum
The re-execution policy of a discipline.
- capitalize()¶
Return a capitalized version of the string.
More specifically, make the first character have upper case and the rest lower case.
- casefold()¶
Return a version of the string suitable for caseless comparisons.
- center(width, fillchar=' ', /)¶
Return a centered string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
- count(sub[, start[, end]]) int ¶
Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in string S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
- encode(encoding='utf-8', errors='strict')¶
Encode the string using the codec registered for encoding.
- encoding
The encoding in which to encode the string.
- errors
The error handling scheme to use for encoding errors. The default is ‘strict’ meaning that encoding errors raise a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are ‘ignore’, ‘replace’ and ‘xmlcharrefreplace’ as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors.
- endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) bool ¶
Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise. With optional start, test S beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
- expandtabs(tabsize=8)¶
Return a copy where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.
If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.
- find(sub[, start[, end]]) int ¶
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Return -1 on failure.
- format(*args, **kwargs) str ¶
Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs. The substitutions are identified by braces (‘{’ and ‘}’).
- format_map(mapping) str ¶
Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from mapping. The substitutions are identified by braces (‘{’ and ‘}’).
- index(sub[, start[, end]]) int ¶
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.
- isalnum()¶
Return True if the string is an alpha-numeric string, False otherwise.
A string is alpha-numeric if all characters in the string are alpha-numeric and there is at least one character in the string.
- isalpha()¶
Return True if the string is an alphabetic string, False otherwise.
A string is alphabetic if all characters in the string are alphabetic and there is at least one character in the string.
- isascii()¶
Return True if all characters in the string are ASCII, False otherwise.
ASCII characters have code points in the range U+0000-U+007F. Empty string is ASCII too.
- isdecimal()¶
Return True if the string is a decimal string, False otherwise.
A string is a decimal string if all characters in the string are decimal and there is at least one character in the string.
- isdigit()¶
Return True if the string is a digit string, False otherwise.
A string is a digit string if all characters in the string are digits and there is at least one character in the string.
- isidentifier()¶
Return True if the string is a valid Python identifier, False otherwise.
Call keyword.iskeyword(s) to test whether string s is a reserved identifier, such as “def” or “class”.
- islower()¶
Return True if the string is a lowercase string, False otherwise.
A string is lowercase if all cased characters in the string are lowercase and there is at least one cased character in the string.
- isnumeric()¶
Return True if the string is a numeric string, False otherwise.
A string is numeric if all characters in the string are numeric and there is at least one character in the string.
- isprintable()¶
Return True if the string is printable, False otherwise.
A string is printable if all of its characters are considered printable in repr() or if it is empty.
- isspace()¶
Return True if the string is a whitespace string, False otherwise.
A string is whitespace if all characters in the string are whitespace and there is at least one character in the string.
- istitle()¶
Return True if the string is a title-cased string, False otherwise.
In a title-cased string, upper- and title-case characters may only follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones.
- isupper()¶
Return True if the string is an uppercase string, False otherwise.
A string is uppercase if all cased characters in the string are uppercase and there is at least one cased character in the string.
- join(iterable, /)¶
Concatenate any number of strings.
The string whose method is called is inserted in between each given string. The result is returned as a new string.
Example: ‘.’.join([‘ab’, ‘pq’, ‘rs’]) -> ‘ab.pq.rs’
- ljust(width, fillchar=' ', /)¶
Return a left-justified string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
- lower()¶
Return a copy of the string converted to lowercase.
- lstrip(chars=None, /)¶
Return a copy of the string with leading whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
- static maketrans()¶
Return a translation table usable for str.translate().
If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode ordinals (integers) or characters to Unicode ordinals, strings or None. Character keys will be then converted to ordinals. If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and in the resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the character at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it must be a string, whose characters will be mapped to None in the result.
- partition(sep, /)¶
Partition the string into three parts using the given separator.
This will search for the separator in the string. If the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part after it.
If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing the original string and two empty strings.
- removeprefix(prefix, /)¶
Return a str with the given prefix string removed if present.
If the string starts with the prefix string, return string[len(prefix):]. Otherwise, return a copy of the original string.
- removesuffix(suffix, /)¶
Return a str with the given suffix string removed if present.
If the string ends with the suffix string and that suffix is not empty, return string[:-len(suffix)]. Otherwise, return a copy of the original string.
- replace(old, new, count=-1, /)¶
Return a copy with all occurrences of substring old replaced by new.
- count
Maximum number of occurrences to replace. -1 (the default value) means replace all occurrences.
If the optional argument count is given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.
- rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) int ¶
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Return -1 on failure.
- rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) int ¶
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.
- rjust(width, fillchar=' ', /)¶
Return a right-justified string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
- rpartition(sep, /)¶
Partition the string into three parts using the given separator.
This will search for the separator in the string, starting at the end. If the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part after it.
If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing two empty strings and the original string.
- rsplit(sep=None, maxsplit=-1)¶
Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the delimiter string.
- sep
The delimiter according which to split the string. None (the default value) means split according to any whitespace, and discard empty strings from the result.
- maxsplit
Maximum number of splits to do. -1 (the default value) means no limit.
Splits are done starting at the end of the string and working to the front.
- rstrip(chars=None, /)¶
Return a copy of the string with trailing whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
- split(sep=None, maxsplit=-1)¶
Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the delimiter string.
- sep
The delimiter according which to split the string. None (the default value) means split according to any whitespace, and discard empty strings from the result.
- maxsplit
Maximum number of splits to do. -1 (the default value) means no limit.
- splitlines(keepends=False)¶
Return a list of the lines in the string, breaking at line boundaries.
Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends is given and true.
- startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) bool ¶
Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise. With optional start, test S beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
- strip(chars=None, /)¶
Return a copy of the string with leading and trailing whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
- swapcase()¶
Convert uppercase characters to lowercase and lowercase characters to uppercase.
- title()¶
Return a version of the string where each word is titlecased.
More specifically, words start with uppercased characters and all remaining cased characters have lower case.
- translate(table, /)¶
Replace each character in the string using the given translation table.
- table
Translation table, which must be a mapping of Unicode ordinals to Unicode ordinals, strings, or None.
The table must implement lookup/indexing via __getitem__, for instance a dictionary or list. If this operation raises LookupError, the character is left untouched. Characters mapped to None are deleted.
- upper()¶
Return a copy of the string converted to uppercase.
- zfill(width, /)¶
Pad a numeric string with zeros on the left, to fill a field of the given width.
The string is never truncated.
- DONE = 'RE_EXEC_DONE'¶
- NEVER = 'RE_EXEC_NEVER'¶
- classmethod activate_time_stamps()¶
Activate the time stamps.
For storing start and end times of execution and linearizations.
- Return type:
None
- add_differentiated_inputs(inputs=None)¶
Add the inputs for differentiation.
The inputs that do not represent continuous numbers are filtered out.
- Parameters:
inputs (Iterable[str] | None) – The input variables against which to differentiate the outputs. If
None
, all the inputs of the discipline are used.- Raises:
ValueError – When ``inputs `` are not in the input grammar.
- Return type:
None
- add_differentiated_outputs(outputs=None)¶
Add the outputs for differentiation.
The outputs that do not represent continuous numbers are filtered out.
- Parameters:
outputs (Iterable[str] | None) – The output variables to be differentiated. If
None
, all the outputs of the discipline are used.- Raises:
ValueError – When ``outputs `` are not in the output grammar.
- Return type:
None
- add_namespace_to_input(name, namespace)¶
Add a namespace prefix to an existing input grammar element.
The updated input grammar element name will be
namespace
+namespaces_separator
+name
.
- add_namespace_to_output(name, namespace)¶
Add a namespace prefix to an existing output grammar element.
The updated output grammar element name will be
namespace
+namespaces_separator
+name
.
- add_status_observer(obs)¶
Add an observer for the status.
Add an observer for the status to be notified when self changes of status.
- Parameters:
obs (Any) – The observer to add.
- Return type:
None
- auto_get_grammar_file(is_input=True, name=None, comp_dir=None)¶
Use a naming convention to associate a grammar file to the discipline.
Search in the directory
comp_dir
for either an input grammar file namedname + "_input.json"
or an output grammar file namedname + "_output.json"
.- Parameters:
is_input (bool) –
Whether to search for an input or output grammar file.
By default it is set to True.
name (str | None) – The name to be searched in the file names. If
None
, use the name of the discipline class.comp_dir (str | Path | None) – The directory in which to search the grammar file. If
None
, use theGRAMMAR_DIRECTORY
if any, or the directory of the discipline class module.
- Returns:
The grammar file path.
- Return type:
Path
- check_input_data(input_data, raise_exception=True)¶
Check the input data validity.
- Parameters:
input_data (StrKeyMapping) – The input data needed to execute the discipline according to the discipline input grammar.
raise_exception (bool) –
Whether to raise on error.
By default it is set to True.
- Return type:
None
- check_jacobian(input_data=None, derr_approx=ApproximationMode.FINITE_DIFFERENCES, step=1e-07, threshold=1e-08, linearization_mode='auto', inputs=None, outputs=None, parallel=False, n_processes=2, use_threading=False, wait_time_between_fork=0, auto_set_step=False, plot_result=False, file_path='jacobian_errors.pdf', show=False, fig_size_x=10, fig_size_y=10, reference_jacobian_path=None, save_reference_jacobian=False, indices=None)¶
Check if the analytical Jacobian is correct with respect to a reference one.
If reference_jacobian_path is not None and save_reference_jacobian is True, compute the reference Jacobian with the approximation method and save it in reference_jacobian_path.
If reference_jacobian_path is not None and save_reference_jacobian is False, do not compute the reference Jacobian but read it from reference_jacobian_path.
If reference_jacobian_path is None, compute the reference Jacobian without saving it.
- Parameters:
input_data (Mapping[str, ndarray] | None) – The input data needed to execute the discipline according to the discipline input grammar. If
None
, use theMDODiscipline.default_inputs
.derr_approx (ApproximationMode) –
The approximation method, either “complex_step” or “finite_differences”.
By default it is set to “finite_differences”.
threshold (float) –
The acceptance threshold for the Jacobian error.
By default it is set to 1e-08.
linearization_mode (str) –
the mode of linearization: direct, adjoint or automated switch depending on dimensions of inputs and outputs (Default value = ‘auto’)
By default it is set to “auto”.
inputs (Iterable[str] | None) – The names of the inputs wrt which to differentiate the outputs.
outputs (Iterable[str] | None) – The names of the outputs to be differentiated.
step (float) –
The differentiation step.
By default it is set to 1e-07.
parallel (bool) –
Whether to differentiate the discipline in parallel.
By default it is set to False.
n_processes (int) –
The maximum simultaneous number of threads, if
use_threading
is True, or processes otherwise, used to parallelize the execution.By default it is set to 2.
use_threading (bool) –
Whether to use threads instead of processes to parallelize the execution; multiprocessing will copy (serialize) all the disciplines, while threading will share all the memory This is important to note if you want to execute the same discipline multiple times, you shall use multiprocessing.
By default it is set to False.
wait_time_between_fork (float) –
The time waited between two forks of the process / thread.
By default it is set to 0.
auto_set_step (bool) –
Whether to compute the optimal step for a forward first order finite differences gradient approximation.
By default it is set to False.
plot_result (bool) –
Whether to plot the result of the validation (computed vs approximated Jacobians).
By default it is set to False.
file_path (str | Path) –
The path to the output file if
plot_result
isTrue
.By default it is set to “jacobian_errors.pdf”.
show (bool) –
Whether to open the figure.
By default it is set to False.
fig_size_x (float) –
The x-size of the figure in inches.
By default it is set to 10.
fig_size_y (float) –
The y-size of the figure in inches.
By default it is set to 10.
reference_jacobian_path (str | Path | None) – The path of the reference Jacobian file.
save_reference_jacobian (bool) –
Whether to save the reference Jacobian.
By default it is set to False.
indices (Iterable[int] | None) – The indices of the inputs and outputs for the different sub-Jacobian matrices, formatted as
{variable_name: variable_components}
wherevariable_components
can be either an integer, e.g. 2 a sequence of integers, e.g. [0, 3], a slice, e.g. slice(0,3), the ellipsis symbol (…) or None, which is the same as ellipsis. If a variable name is missing, consider all its components. IfNone
, consider all the components of all theinputs
andoutputs
.
- Returns:
Whether the analytical Jacobian is correct with respect to the reference one.
- Return type:
- check_output_data(raise_exception=True)¶
Check the output data validity.
- Parameters:
raise_exception (bool) –
Whether to raise an exception when the data is invalid.
By default it is set to True.
- Return type:
None
- classmethod deactivate_time_stamps()¶
Deactivate the time stamps.
For storing start and end times of execution and linearizations.
- Return type:
None
- execute(input_data=None)¶
Execute the discipline.
This method executes the discipline:
Adds the default inputs to the
input_data
if some inputs are not defined in input_data but exist inMDODiscipline.default_inputs
.Checks whether the last execution of the discipline was called with identical inputs, i.e. cached in
MDODiscipline.cache
; if so, directly returnsself.cache.get_output_cache(inputs)
.Caches the inputs.
Checks the input data against
MDODiscipline.input_grammar
.If
MDODiscipline.data_processor
is not None, runs the preprocessor.Updates the status to
MDODiscipline.ExecutionStatus.RUNNING
.Calls the
MDODiscipline._run()
method, that shall be defined.If
MDODiscipline.data_processor
is not None, runs the postprocessor.Checks the output data.
Caches the outputs.
Updates the status to
MDODiscipline.ExecutionStatus.DONE
orMDODiscipline.ExecutionStatus.FAILED
.Updates summed execution time.
- Parameters:
input_data (StrKeyMapping | None) – The input data needed to execute the discipline according to the discipline input grammar. If
None
, use theMDODiscipline.default_inputs
.- Returns:
The discipline local data after execution.
- Return type:
- static from_pickle(file_path)¶
Deserialize a discipline from a file.
- Parameters:
file_path (str | Path) – The path to the file containing the discipline.
- Returns:
The discipline instance.
- Return type:
- get_all_inputs()¶
Return the local input data.
The order is given by
MDODiscipline.get_input_data_names()
.- Returns:
The local input data.
- Return type:
Iterator[Any]
- get_all_outputs()¶
Return the local output data.
The order is given by
MDODiscipline.get_output_data_names()
.- Returns:
The local output data.
- Return type:
Iterator[Any]
- static get_data_list_from_dict(keys, data_dict)¶
Filter the dict from a list of keys or a single key.
If keys is a string, then the method return the value associated to the key. If keys is a list of strings, then the method returns a generator of value corresponding to the keys which can be iterated.
- get_disciplines_in_dataflow_chain()¶
Return the disciplines that must be shown as blocks in the XDSM.
By default, only the discipline itself is shown. This function can be differently implemented for any type of inherited discipline.
- Returns:
The disciplines shown in the XDSM chain.
- Return type:
- get_expected_dataflow()¶
Return the expected data exchange sequence.
This method is used for the XDSM representation.
The default expected data exchange sequence is an empty list.
See also
BaseMDOFormulation.get_expected_dataflow
- Returns:
The data exchange arcs.
- Return type:
- get_expected_workflow()¶
Return the expected execution sequence.
This method is used for the XDSM representation.
The default expected execution sequence is the execution of the discipline itself.
See also
BaseMDOFormulation.get_expected_workflow
- Returns:
The expected execution sequence.
- Return type:
- get_input_data(with_namespaces=True)¶
Return the local input data as a dictionary.
- get_input_data_names(with_namespaces=True)¶
Return the names of the input variables.
- get_input_output_data_names(with_namespaces=True)¶
Return the names of the input and output variables.
- get_inputs_asarray()¶
Return the local output data as a large NumPy array.
The order is the one of
MDODiscipline.get_all_outputs()
.- Returns:
The local output data.
- Return type:
- get_inputs_by_name(data_names)¶
Return the local data associated with input variables.
- Parameters:
data_names (Iterable[str]) – The names of the input variables.
- Returns:
The local data for the given input variables.
- Raises:
ValueError – When a variable is not an input of the discipline.
- Return type:
Iterator[Any]
- get_local_data_by_name(data_names)¶
Return the local data of the discipline associated with variables names.
- Parameters:
data_names (Iterable[str]) – The names of the variables.
- Returns:
The local data associated with the variables names.
- Raises:
ValueError – When a name is not a discipline input name.
- Return type:
Iterator[Any]
- get_output_data(with_namespaces=True)¶
Return the local output data as a dictionary.
- get_output_data_names(with_namespaces=True)¶
Return the names of the output variables.
- get_outputs_asarray()¶
Return the local input data as a large NumPy array.
The order is the one of
MDODiscipline.get_all_inputs()
.- Returns:
The local input data.
- Return type:
- get_outputs_by_name(data_names)¶
Return the local data associated with output variables.
- Parameters:
data_names (Iterable[str]) – The names of the output variables.
- Returns:
The local data for the given output variables.
- Raises:
ValueError – When a variable is not an output of the discipline.
- Return type:
Iterator[Any]
- get_sub_disciplines(recursive=False)¶
Determine the sub-disciplines.
This method lists the sub-disciplines’ disciplines. It will list up to one level of disciplines contained inside another one unless the
recursive
argument is set toTrue
.- Parameters:
recursive (bool) –
If
True
, the method will look inside any discipline that has other disciplines inside until it reaches a discipline without sub-disciplines, in this case the return value will not include any discipline that has sub-disciplines. IfFalse
, the method will list up to one level of disciplines contained inside another one, in this case the return value may include disciplines that contain sub-disciplines.By default it is set to False.
- Returns:
The sub-disciplines.
- Return type:
- is_all_inputs_existing(data_names)¶
Test if several variables are discipline inputs.
- is_all_outputs_existing(data_names)¶
Test if several variables are discipline outputs.
- is_input_existing(data_name)¶
Test if a variable is a discipline input.
- is_output_existing(data_name)¶
Test if a variable is a discipline output.
- linearize(input_data=None, compute_all_jacobians=False, execute=True)¶
Compute the Jacobians of some outputs with respect to some inputs.
- Parameters:
input_data (StrKeyMapping | None) – The input data for which to compute the Jacobian. If
None
, use theMDODiscipline.default_inputs
.compute_all_jacobians (bool) –
Whether to compute the Jacobians of all the output with respect to all the inputs. Otherwise, set the input variables against which to differentiate the output ones with
add_differentiated_inputs()
and set these output variables to differentiate withadd_differentiated_outputs()
.By default it is set to False.
execute (bool) –
Whether to start by executing the discipline with the input data for which to compute the Jacobian; this allows to ensure that the discipline was executed with the right input data; it can be almost free if the corresponding output data have been stored in the
cache
.By default it is set to True.
- Returns:
The Jacobian of the discipline shaped as
{output_name: {input_name: jacobian_array}}
wherejacobian_array[i, j]
is the partial derivative ofoutput_name[i]
with respect toinput_name[j]
.- Raises:
ValueError – When either the inputs for which to differentiate the outputs or the outputs to differentiate are missing.
- Return type:
JacobianData
- notify_status_observers()¶
Notify all status observers that the status has changed.
- Return type:
None
- remove_status_observer(obs)¶
Remove an observer for the status.
- Parameters:
obs (Any) – The observer to remove.
- Return type:
None
- reset_statuses_for_run()¶
Set all the statuses to
MDODiscipline.ExecutionStatus.PENDING
.- Raises:
ValueError – When the discipline cannot be run because of its status.
- Return type:
None
- set_cache_policy(cache_type=CacheType.SIMPLE, cache_tolerance=0.0, cache_hdf_file=None, cache_hdf_node_path=None, is_memory_shared=True)¶
Set the type of cache to use and the tolerance level.
This method defines when the output data have to be cached according to the distance between the corresponding input data and the input data already cached for which output data are also cached.
The cache can be either a
SimpleCache
recording the last execution or a cache storing all executions, e.g.MemoryFullCache
andHDF5Cache
. Caching data can be either in-memory, e.g.SimpleCache
andMemoryFullCache
, or on the disk, e.g.HDF5Cache
.The attribute
CacheFactory.caches
provides the available caches types.- Parameters:
cache_type (CacheType) –
The type of cache.
By default it is set to “SimpleCache”.
cache_tolerance (float) –
The maximum relative norm of the difference between two input arrays to consider that two input arrays are equal.
By default it is set to 0.0.
cache_hdf_file (str | Path | None) – The path to the HDF file to store the data; this argument is mandatory when the
MDODiscipline.CacheType.HDF5
policy is used.cache_hdf_node_path (str | None) – The name of the HDF file node to store the discipline data, possibly passed as a path
root_name/.../group_name/.../node_name
. IfNone
,MDODiscipline.name
is used.is_memory_shared (bool) –
Whether to store the data with a shared memory dictionary, which makes the cache compatible with multiprocessing.
By default it is set to True.
- Return type:
None
- set_disciplines_statuses(status)¶
Set the sub-disciplines statuses.
To be implemented in subclasses.
- Parameters:
status (ExecutionStatus) – The status.
- Return type:
None
- set_jacobian_approximation(jac_approx_type=ApproximationMode.FINITE_DIFFERENCES, jax_approx_step=1e-07, jac_approx_n_processes=1, jac_approx_use_threading=False, jac_approx_wait_time=0)¶
Set the Jacobian approximation method.
Sets the linearization mode to approx_method, sets the parameters of the approximation for further use when calling
MDODiscipline.linearize()
.- Parameters:
jac_approx_type (ApproximationMode) –
The approximation method, either “complex_step” or “finite_differences”.
By default it is set to “finite_differences”.
jax_approx_step (float) –
The differentiation step.
By default it is set to 1e-07.
jac_approx_n_processes (int) –
The maximum simultaneous number of threads, if
jac_approx_use_threading
is True, or processes otherwise, used to parallelize the execution.By default it is set to 1.
jac_approx_use_threading (bool) –
Whether to use threads instead of processes to parallelize the execution; multiprocessing will copy (serialize) all the disciplines, while threading will share all the memory This is important to note if you want to execute the same discipline multiple times, you shall use multiprocessing.
By default it is set to False.
jac_approx_wait_time (float) –
The time waited between two forks of the process / thread.
By default it is set to 0.
- Return type:
None
- set_linear_relationships(outputs=(), inputs=())¶
Set linear relationships between discipline inputs and outputs.
- Parameters:
outputs (Iterable[str]) –
The discipline output(s) in a linear relation with the input(s). If empty, all discipline outputs are considered.
By default it is set to ().
inputs (Iterable[str]) –
The discipline input(s) in a linear relation with the output(s). If empty, all discipline inputs are considered.
By default it is set to ().
- Return type:
None
- set_optimal_fd_step(outputs=None, inputs=None, compute_all_jacobians=False, print_errors=False, numerical_error=2.220446049250313e-16)¶
Compute the optimal finite-difference step.
Compute the optimal step for a forward first order finite differences gradient approximation. Requires a first evaluation of the perturbed functions values. The optimal step is reached when the truncation error (cut in the Taylor development), and the numerical cancellation errors (round-off when doing f(x+step)-f(x)) are approximately equal.
Warning
This calls the discipline execution twice per input variables.
See also
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_differentiation and “Numerical Algorithms and Digital Representation”, Knut Morken , Chapter 11, “Numerical Differentiation”
- Parameters:
inputs (Iterable[str] | None) – The inputs wrt which the outputs are linearized. If
None
, use theMDODiscipline._differentiated_inputs
.outputs (Iterable[str] | None) – The outputs to be linearized. If
None
, use theMDODiscipline._differentiated_outputs
.compute_all_jacobians (bool) –
Whether to compute the Jacobians of all the output with respect to all the inputs. Otherwise, set the input variables against which to differentiate the output ones with
add_differentiated_inputs()
and set these output variables to differentiate withadd_differentiated_outputs()
.By default it is set to False.
print_errors (bool) –
Whether to display the estimated errors.
By default it is set to False.
numerical_error (float) –
The numerical error associated to the calculation of f. By default, this is the machine epsilon (appx 1e-16), but can be higher when the calculation of f requires a numerical resolution.
By default it is set to 2.220446049250313e-16.
- Returns:
The estimated errors of truncation and cancellation error.
- Raises:
ValueError – When the Jacobian approximation method has not been set.
- Return type:
ndarray
- store_local_data(**kwargs)¶
Store discipline data in local data.
- Parameters:
**kwargs (Any) – The data to be stored in
MDODiscipline.local_data
.- Return type:
None
- to_pickle(file_path)¶
Serialize the discipline and store it in a file.
- Parameters:
file_path (str | Path) – The path to the file to store the discipline.
- Return type:
None
- GRAMMAR_DIRECTORY: ClassVar[str | None] = None¶
The directory in which to search for the grammar files if not the class one.
- activate_counters: ClassVar[bool] = True¶
Whether to activate the counters (execution time, calls and linearizations).
- activate_input_data_check: ClassVar[bool] = True¶
Whether to check the input data respect the input grammar.
- activate_output_data_check: ClassVar[bool] = True¶
Whether to check the output data respect the output grammar.
- cache: BaseCache | None¶
The cache containing one or several executions of the discipline according to the cache policy.
- property cache_tol: float¶
The cache input tolerance.
This is the tolerance for equality of the inputs in the cache. If norm(stored_input_data-input_data) <= cache_tol * norm(stored_input_data), the cached data for
stored_input_data
is returned when callingself.execute(input_data)
.- Raises:
ValueError – When the discipline does not have a cache.
- data_processor: DataProcessor¶
A tool to pre- and post-process discipline data.
- property default_outputs: Defaults¶
The default outputs used when
virtual_execution
isTrue
.
- property disciplines: list[MDODiscipline]¶
The sub-disciplines, if any.
- property exec_time: float | None¶
The cumulated execution time of the discipline.
This property is multiprocessing safe.
- Raises:
RuntimeError – When the discipline counters are disabled.
- property grammar_type: GrammarType¶
The type of grammar to be used for inputs and outputs declaration.
- input_grammar: BaseGrammar¶
The input grammar.
- jac: MutableMapping[str, MutableMapping[str, ndarray | csr_array | JacobianOperator]]¶
The Jacobians of the outputs wrt inputs.
The structure is
{output: {input: matrix}}
.
- property linear_relationships: Mapping[str, Iterable[str]]¶
The linear relationships between inputs and outputs.
- property linearization_mode: LinearizationMode¶
The linearization mode among
MDODiscipline.LinearizationMode
.- Raises:
ValueError – When the linearization mode is unknown.
- property local_data: DisciplineData¶
The current input and output data.
- property n_calls: int | None¶
The number of times the discipline was executed.
This property is multiprocessing safe.
- Raises:
RuntimeError – When the discipline counters are disabled.
- property n_calls_linearize: int | None¶
The number of times the discipline was linearized.
This property is multiprocessing safe.
- Raises:
RuntimeError – When the discipline counters are disabled.
- output_grammar: BaseGrammar¶
The output grammar.
- re_exec_policy: ReExecutionPolicy¶
The policy to re-execute the same discipline.
- residual_variables: dict[str, str]¶
The output variables mapping to their inputs, to be considered as residuals; they shall be equal to zero.
- property status: ExecutionStatus¶
The status of the discipline.
The status aims at monitoring the process and give the user a simplified view on the state (the process state = execution or linearize or done) of the disciplines. The core part of the execution is _run, the core part of linearize is _compute_jacobian or approximate jacobian computation.
- time_stamps: ClassVar[dict[str, float] | None] = None¶
The mapping from discipline name to their execution time.
- virtual_execution: ClassVar[bool] = False¶
Whether to skip the
_run()
method during execution and return thedefault_outputs
, whatever the inputs.
Examples using Concatenater¶
Examples for constraint aggregation