Correlations#

In this example, we illustrate the use of the Correlations plot on the Sobieski's SSBJ problem.

from __future__ import annotations

from gemseo import configure_logger
from gemseo import create_discipline
from gemseo import create_scenario
from gemseo.problems.mdo.sobieski.core.design_space import SobieskiDesignSpace

Import#

The first step is to import some high-level functions and a method to get the design space.

configure_logger()
<RootLogger root (INFO)>

Description#

A correlation coefficient indicates whether there is a linear relationship between 2 quantities \(x\) and \(y\), in which case it equals 1 or -1. It is the normalized covariance between the two quantities:

\[R_{xy}=\frac {\sum \limits _{i=1}^n(x_i-{\bar{x}})(y_i-{\bar{y}})}{ns_{x}s_{y}} =\frac {\sum \limits _{i=1}^n(x_i-{\bar{x}})(y_i-{\bar{y}})}{\sqrt {\sum \limits _{i=1}^n(x_i-{\bar{x}})^{2}\sum \limits _{i=1}^n(y_i-{\bar{y}})^{2}}}\]

The Correlations post-processing builds scatter plots of correlated variables among design variables, output functions, and constraints.

The plot method considers all variable correlations greater than 95%. A different threshold value and/or a sublist of variable names can be passed as options.

Create disciplines#

Then, we instantiate the disciplines of the Sobieski's SSBJ problem: Propulsion, Aerodynamics, Structure and Mission

disciplines = create_discipline([
    "SobieskiPropulsion",
    "SobieskiAerodynamics",
    "SobieskiStructure",
    "SobieskiMission",
])

Create design space#

We also create the SobieskiDesignSpace.

design_space = SobieskiDesignSpace()

Create and execute scenario#

The next step is to build an MDO scenario in order to maximize the range, encoded 'y_4', with respect to the design parameters, while satisfying the inequality constraints 'g_1', 'g_2' and 'g_3'. We can use the MDF formulation, the SLSQP optimization algorithm and a maximum number of iterations equal to 100.

scenario = create_scenario(
    disciplines,
    "y_4",
    design_space,
    formulation_name="MDF",
    maximize_objective=True,
)
scenario.set_differentiation_method()
for constraint in ["g_1", "g_2", "g_3"]:
    scenario.add_constraint(constraint, constraint_type="ineq")
scenario.execute(algo_name="SLSQP", max_iter=10)
WARNING - 08:54:56: Unsupported feature 'minItems' in JSONGrammar 'SobieskiMission_discipline_output' for property 'y_4' in conversion to SimpleGrammar.
WARNING - 08:54:56: Unsupported feature 'maxItems' in JSONGrammar 'SobieskiMission_discipline_output' for property 'y_4' in conversion to SimpleGrammar.
   INFO - 08:54:56:
   INFO - 08:54:56: *** Start MDOScenario execution ***
   INFO - 08:54:56: MDOScenario
   INFO - 08:54:56:    Disciplines: SobieskiAerodynamics SobieskiMission SobieskiPropulsion SobieskiStructure
   INFO - 08:54:56:    MDO formulation: MDF
   INFO - 08:54:56: Optimization problem:
   INFO - 08:54:56:    minimize -y_4(x_shared, x_1, x_2, x_3)
   INFO - 08:54:56:    with respect to x_1, x_2, x_3, x_shared
   INFO - 08:54:56:    subject to constraints:
   INFO - 08:54:56:       g_1(x_shared, x_1, x_2, x_3) <= 0
   INFO - 08:54:56:       g_2(x_shared, x_1, x_2, x_3) <= 0
   INFO - 08:54:56:       g_3(x_shared, x_1, x_2, x_3) <= 0
   INFO - 08:54:56:    over the design space:
   INFO - 08:54:56:       +-------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
   INFO - 08:54:56:       | Name        | Lower bound | Value | Upper bound | Type  |
   INFO - 08:54:56:       +-------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
   INFO - 08:54:56:       | x_shared[0] |     0.01    |  0.05 |     0.09    | float |
   INFO - 08:54:56:       | x_shared[1] |    30000    | 45000 |    60000    | float |
   INFO - 08:54:56:       | x_shared[2] |     1.4     |  1.6  |     1.8     | float |
   INFO - 08:54:56:       | x_shared[3] |     2.5     |  5.5  |     8.5     | float |
   INFO - 08:54:56:       | x_shared[4] |      40     |   55  |      70     | float |
   INFO - 08:54:56:       | x_shared[5] |     500     |  1000 |     1500    | float |
   INFO - 08:54:56:       | x_1[0]      |     0.1     |  0.25 |     0.4     | float |
   INFO - 08:54:56:       | x_1[1]      |     0.75    |   1   |     1.25    | float |
   INFO - 08:54:56:       | x_2         |     0.75    |   1   |     1.25    | float |
   INFO - 08:54:56:       | x_3         |     0.1     |  0.5  |      1      | float |
   INFO - 08:54:56:       +-------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
   INFO - 08:54:56: Solving optimization problem with algorithm SLSQP:
   INFO - 08:54:56:     10%|█         | 1/10 [00:00<00:00, 23.98 it/sec, obj=-536]
   INFO - 08:54:56:     20%|██        | 2/10 [00:00<00:00, 18.71 it/sec, obj=-2.12e+3]
WARNING - 08:54:56: MDAJacobi has reached its maximum number of iterations, but the normalized residual norm 5.741449586530469e-06 is still above the tolerance 1e-06.
   INFO - 08:54:56:     30%|███       | 3/10 [00:00<00:00, 15.32 it/sec, obj=-3.46e+3]
   INFO - 08:54:56:     40%|████      | 4/10 [00:00<00:00, 14.67 it/sec, obj=-3.96e+3]
   INFO - 08:54:56:     50%|█████     | 5/10 [00:00<00:00, 14.99 it/sec, obj=-4.61e+3]
   INFO - 08:54:56:     60%|██████    | 6/10 [00:00<00:00, 15.99 it/sec, obj=-4.5e+3]
   INFO - 08:54:56:     70%|███████   | 7/10 [00:00<00:00, 16.54 it/sec, obj=-4.26e+3]
   INFO - 08:54:56:     80%|████████  | 8/10 [00:00<00:00, 16.99 it/sec, obj=-4.11e+3]
   INFO - 08:54:56:     90%|█████████ | 9/10 [00:00<00:00, 17.37 it/sec, obj=-4.02e+3]
   INFO - 08:54:56:    100%|██████████| 10/10 [00:00<00:00, 17.69 it/sec, obj=-3.99e+3]
   INFO - 08:54:56: Optimization result:
   INFO - 08:54:56:    Optimizer info:
   INFO - 08:54:56:       Status: None
   INFO - 08:54:56:       Message: Maximum number of iterations reached. GEMSEO stopped the driver.
   INFO - 08:54:56:       Number of calls to the objective function by the optimizer: 12
   INFO - 08:54:56:    Solution:
   INFO - 08:54:56:       The solution is feasible.
   INFO - 08:54:56:       Objective: -3463.120411437138
   INFO - 08:54:56:       Standardized constraints:
   INFO - 08:54:56:          g_1 = [-0.01112145 -0.02847064 -0.04049911 -0.04878943 -0.05476349 -0.14014207
   INFO - 08:54:56:  -0.09985793]
   INFO - 08:54:56:          g_2 = -0.0020925663903177405
   INFO - 08:54:56:          g_3 = [-0.71359843 -0.28640157 -0.05926796 -0.183255  ]
   INFO - 08:54:56:       Design space:
   INFO - 08:54:56:          +-------------+-------------+---------------------+-------------+-------+
   INFO - 08:54:56:          | Name        | Lower bound |        Value        | Upper bound | Type  |
   INFO - 08:54:56:          +-------------+-------------+---------------------+-------------+-------+
   INFO - 08:54:56:          | x_shared[0] |     0.01    | 0.05947685840242058 |     0.09    | float |
   INFO - 08:54:56:          | x_shared[1] |    30000    |   59246.692998739   |    60000    | float |
   INFO - 08:54:56:          | x_shared[2] |     1.4     |         1.4         |     1.8     | float |
   INFO - 08:54:56:          | x_shared[3] |     2.5     |   2.64097355362077  |     8.5     | float |
   INFO - 08:54:56:          | x_shared[4] |      40     |  69.32144380869019  |      70     | float |
   INFO - 08:54:56:          | x_shared[5] |     500     |  1478.031626737187  |     1500    | float |
   INFO - 08:54:56:          | x_1[0]      |     0.1     |         0.4         |     0.4     | float |
   INFO - 08:54:56:          | x_1[1]      |     0.75    |  0.7608797907508461 |     1.25    | float |
   INFO - 08:54:56:          | x_2         |     0.75    |  0.7607584987262048 |     1.25    | float |
   INFO - 08:54:56:          | x_3         |     0.1     |  0.1514057659459843 |      1      | float |
   INFO - 08:54:56:          +-------------+-------------+---------------------+-------------+-------+
   INFO - 08:54:56: *** End MDOScenario execution (time: 0:00:00.571554) ***

Post-process scenario#

Lastly, we post-process the scenario by means of the Correlations plot which provides scatter plots of correlated variables among design variables, outputs functions and constraints any of the constraint or objective functions w.r.t. optimization iterations or sampling snapshots. This method requires the list of functions names to plot.

Tip

Each post-processing method requires different inputs and offers a variety of customization options. Use the API function get_post_processing_options_schema() to print a table with the options for any post-processing algorithm. Or refer to our dedicated page: Post-processing algorithms.

scenario.post_process(post_name="Correlations", save=False, show=True)
  • R=0.99427, R=0.98613, R=0.99822, R=0.97916, R=0.99526, R=0.99929, R=0.97356, R=0.99239, R=0.99797, R=0.99966, R=0.95419, R=-0.95586, R=0.98132, R=-0.98132, R=-0.95382, R=0.95615, R=-0.99999, R=0.95362, R=-0.95631, R=0.99999, R=-1.00000, R=0.95346, R=-0.95642, R=0.99998, R=-1.00000
  • R=1.00000, R=-0.96770, R=0.96770, R=-0.99805, R=-0.95342, R=0.95646, R=-0.99998, R=0.99999, R=-1.00000, R=-1.00000, R=-0.95336, R=0.95650, R=-0.99997, R=0.99999, R=-1.00000, R=-1.00000, R=1.00000
    INFO - 08:54:56: Detected 42 correlations > 0.95

<gemseo.post.correlations.Correlations object at 0x7f32c8fa1460>

Total running time of the script: (0 minutes 2.583 seconds)

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