# Copyright 2021 IRT Saint Exupéry, https://www.irt-saintexupery.com
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
# License version 3 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
# Lesser General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
# Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
# Contributors:
# INITIAL AUTHORS - initial API and implementation and/or initial
# documentation
# :author: Syver Doving Agdestein
# OTHER AUTHORS - MACROSCOPIC CHANGES
"""Here is the baseclass to measure the error of machine learning algorithms.
The concept of error measure is implemented with the :class:`.MLErrorMeasure` class and
proposes different evaluation methods.
"""
from __future__ import annotations
from abc import abstractmethod
from copy import deepcopy
from typing import Sequence
from numpy import arange
from numpy import atleast_1d
from numpy import delete as npdelete
from numpy import ndarray
from numpy import unique
from gemseo.core.dataset import Dataset
from gemseo.mlearning.core.supervised import MLSupervisedAlgo
from gemseo.mlearning.qual_measure.quality_measure import MeasureType
from gemseo.mlearning.qual_measure.quality_measure import MLQualityMeasure
from gemseo.utils.data_conversion import split_array_to_dict_of_arrays
from gemseo.utils.python_compatibility import Final
[docs]class MLErrorMeasure(MLQualityMeasure):
"""An abstract error measure for machine learning."""
__OUTPUT_NAME_SEPARATOR: Final[str] = "#"
"""A string to join output names."""
_GEMSEO_MULTIOUTPUT_TO_SKLEARN_MULTIOUTPUT: Final[dict[bool, str]] = {
True: "raw_values",
False: "uniform_average",
}
"""Map from the argument "multioutput" of |g| to that of sklearn."""
def __init__(
self,
algo: MLSupervisedAlgo,
fit_transformers: bool = MLQualityMeasure._FIT_TRANSFORMERS,
) -> None:
"""
Args:
algo: A machine learning algorithm for supervised learning.
"""
super().__init__(algo, fit_transformers=fit_transformers)
[docs] def evaluate_learn(
self,
samples: Sequence[int] | None = None,
multioutput: bool = True,
as_dict: bool = False,
) -> MeasureType:
"""
Args:
as_dict: Whether to express the measure as a dictionary
whose keys are the output names.
"""
self._train_algo(samples)
return self._post_process_measure(
self._compute_measure(
self.algo.output_data,
self.algo.predict(self.algo.input_data),
multioutput,
),
multioutput,
as_dict,
)
[docs] def evaluate_test(
self,
test_data: Dataset,
samples: Sequence[int] | None = None,
multioutput: bool = True,
as_dict: bool = False,
) -> MeasureType:
"""
Args:
as_dict: Whether to express the measure as a dictionary
whose keys are the output names.
"""
self._train_algo(samples)
return self._post_process_measure(
self._compute_measure(
test_data.get_data_by_names(self.algo.output_names, False),
self.algo.predict(
test_data.get_data_by_names(self.algo.input_names, False)
),
multioutput,
),
multioutput,
as_dict,
)
[docs] def evaluate_loo(
self,
samples: Sequence[int] | None = None,
multioutput: bool = True,
as_dict: bool = False,
) -> MeasureType:
"""
Args:
as_dict: Whether to express the measure as a dictionary
whose keys are the output names.
"""
return self.evaluate_kfolds(
samples=samples,
n_folds=self.algo.learning_set.n_samples,
multioutput=multioutput,
as_dict=as_dict,
)
[docs] def evaluate_kfolds(
self,
n_folds: int = 5,
samples: Sequence[int] | None = None,
multioutput: bool = True,
randomize: bool = MLQualityMeasure._RANDOMIZE,
seed: int | None = None,
as_dict: bool = False,
) -> MeasureType:
"""
Args:
as_dict: Whether to express the measure as a dictionary
whose keys are the output names.
"""
self._train_algo(samples)
samples = self._assure_samples(samples)
folds, samples = self._compute_folds(samples, n_folds, randomize, seed)
input_data = self.algo.input_data
output_data = self.algo.output_data
algo = deepcopy(self.algo)
qualities = []
for fold in folds:
algo.learn(
samples=npdelete(samples, fold), fit_transformers=self._fit_transformers
)
expected = output_data[fold]
predicted = algo.predict(input_data[fold])
quality = self._compute_measure(expected, predicted, multioutput)
qualities.append(quality)
return self._post_process_measure(
sum(qualities) / len(qualities), multioutput, as_dict
)
[docs] def evaluate_bootstrap(
self,
n_replicates: int = 100,
samples: Sequence[int] | None = None,
multioutput: bool = True,
seed: None | None = None,
as_dict: bool = False,
) -> MeasureType:
"""
Args:
as_dict: Whether to express the measure as a dictionary
whose keys are the output names.
"""
samples = self._assure_samples(samples)
self._train_algo(samples)
n_samples = samples.size
input_data = self.algo.input_data
output_data = self.algo.output_data
all_indices = arange(n_samples)
algo = deepcopy(self.algo)
qualities = []
generator = self._get_rng(seed)
for _ in range(n_replicates):
training_indices = unique(generator.choice(n_samples, n_samples))
test_indices = npdelete(all_indices, training_indices)
algo.learn(
[samples[index] for index in training_indices],
fit_transformers=self._fit_transformers,
)
test_samples = [samples[index] for index in test_indices]
quality = self._compute_measure(
output_data[test_samples],
algo.predict(input_data[test_samples]),
multioutput,
)
qualities.append(quality)
return self._post_process_measure(
sum(qualities) / len(qualities), multioutput, as_dict
)
@abstractmethod
def _compute_measure(
self,
outputs: ndarray,
predictions: ndarray,
multioutput: bool = True,
) -> MeasureType:
"""Compute the quality measure.
Args:
outputs: The reference data.
predictions: The predicted labels.
multioutput: Whether to return the quality measure
for each output component. If not, average these measures.
Returns:
The value of the quality measure.
"""
def _post_process_measure(
self, measure: float | ndarray, multioutput: bool, as_dict: bool
) -> MeasureType:
"""Post-process a measure.
Args:
measure: The measure to post-process.
multioutput: If ``True``, return the quality measure for each
output component. Otherwise, average these measures.
as_dict: Whether to return the measure as is or as a dictionary
whose keys are the output names.
Returns:
The post-processed measure.
"""
if not as_dict:
return measure
data = atleast_1d(measure)
names = self.algo.output_names
if not multioutput:
return {self.__OUTPUT_NAME_SEPARATOR.join(names): data}
return split_array_to_dict_of_arrays(data, self.algo.learning_set.sizes, names)
