Source code for gemseo.mlearning.regression.moe

# Copyright 2021 IRT Saint Exupéry, https://www.irt-saintexupery.com
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
# License version 3 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
# Lesser General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
# Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
# Contributors:
#    INITIAL AUTHORS - initial API and implementation and/or initial
#                         documentation
#        :author: Syver Doving Agdestein
#    OTHER AUTHORS   - MACROSCOPIC CHANGES
r"""Mixture of experts for regression.

The mixture of experts (MoE) model expresses an output variable
as the weighted sum of the outputs of local regression models,
whose weights depend on the input data.

During the learning stage,
the input space is divided into :math:`K` clusters by a clustering model,
then a classification model is built to map the input space to the cluster space,
and finally a regression model :math:`f_k` is built for the :math:`k`-th cluster.

The classification may be either hard,
in which case only one of the weights is equal to one,
and the rest equal to zero:

.. math::

    y = \sum_{k=1}^K I_{C_k}(x) f_k(x),

or soft,
in which case the weights express the probabilities of belonging to each cluster:

.. math::

    y = \sum_{k=1}^K \mathbb{P}(x \in C_k) f_k(x),

where
:math:`x` is the input data,
:math:`y` is the output data,
:math:`K` is the number of clusters,
:math:`(C_k)_{k=1,\cdots,K}` are the input spaces associated to the clusters,
:math:`I_{C_k}(x)` is the indicator of class :math:`k`,
:math:`\mathbb{P}(x \in C_k)` is the probability
that :math:`x` belongs to cluster :math:`k` and
:math:`f_k(x)` is the local regression model on cluster :math:`k`.
"""
from __future__ import annotations

import logging
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Callable
from typing import ClassVar
from typing import Dict
from typing import Final
from typing import Iterable
from typing import List
from typing import Mapping
from typing import NoReturn
from typing import Optional
from typing import Union

from numpy import ndarray
from numpy import newaxis
from numpy import nonzero
from numpy import unique
from numpy import where
from numpy import zeros

from gemseo.algos.design_space import DesignSpace
from gemseo.datasets.dataset import Dataset
from gemseo.datasets.io_dataset import IODataset
from gemseo.mlearning.classification.classification import MLClassificationAlgo
from gemseo.mlearning.classification.factory import ClassificationModelFactory
from gemseo.mlearning.clustering.clustering import MLClusteringAlgo
from gemseo.mlearning.clustering.factory import ClusteringModelFactory
from gemseo.mlearning.core.ml_algo import DataType
from gemseo.mlearning.core.ml_algo import MLAlgoParameterType
from gemseo.mlearning.core.ml_algo import TransformerType
from gemseo.mlearning.core.selection import MLAlgoSelection
from gemseo.mlearning.core.supervised import SavedObjectType
from gemseo.mlearning.quality_measures.f1_measure import F1Measure
from gemseo.mlearning.quality_measures.mse_measure import MSEMeasure
from gemseo.mlearning.quality_measures.quality_measure import MLQualityMeasure
from gemseo.mlearning.quality_measures.quality_measure import (
    OptionType as EvalOptionType,
)
from gemseo.mlearning.quality_measures.silhouette_measure import SilhouetteMeasure
from gemseo.mlearning.regression.factory import RegressionModelFactory
from gemseo.mlearning.regression.regression import MLRegressionAlgo
from gemseo.utils.data_conversion import concatenate_dict_of_arrays_to_array
from gemseo.utils.string_tools import MultiLineString

LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)

SavedObjectType = Union[SavedObjectType, str, Dict]

MLAlgoType = Dict[
    str,
    Optional[
        Union[str, DesignSpace, Dict[str, Union[str, int]], List[MLAlgoParameterType]]
    ],
]


[docs]class MOERegressor(MLRegressionAlgo): """Mixture of experts regression.""" hard: bool """Whether clustering/classification should be hard or soft.""" cluster_algo: str """The name of the clustering algorithm.""" classif_algo: str """The name of the classification algorithm.""" regress_algo: str """The name of the regression algorithm.""" cluster_params: MLAlgoParameterType """The parameters of the clustering algorithm.""" classif_params: MLAlgoParameterType """The parameters of the classification algorithm.""" regress_params: MLAlgoParameterType """The parameters of the regression algorithm.""" cluster_measure: dict[str, str | EvalOptionType] """The quality measure for the clustering algorithms.""" classif_measure: dict[str, str | EvalOptionType] """The quality measure for the classification algorithms.""" regress_measure: dict[str, str | EvalOptionType] """The quality measure for the regression algorithms.""" cluster_cands: list[MLAlgoType] """The clustering algorithm candidates.""" classif_cands: list[MLAlgoType] """The classification algorithm candidates.""" regress_cands: list[MLAlgoType] """The regression algorithm candidates.""" clusterer: MLClusteringAlgo """The clustering algorithm.""" classifier: MLClassificationAlgo """The classification algorithm.""" regress_models: list[MLRegressionAlgo] """The regression algorithms.""" SHORT_ALGO_NAME: ClassVar[str] = "MoE" LABELS: Final[str] = "labels" _LOCAL_INPUT: Final[str] = "input" _LOCAL_OUTPUT: Final[str] = "output" def __init__( self, data: IODataset, transformer: TransformerType = MLRegressionAlgo.IDENTITY, input_names: Iterable[str] | None = None, output_names: Iterable[str] | None = None, hard: bool = True, ) -> None: """ Args: hard: Whether clustering/classification should be hard or soft. """ super().__init__( data, transformer=transformer, input_names=input_names, output_names=output_names, hard=hard, ) self.hard = hard self.cluster_algo = "KMeans" self.classif_algo = "KNNClassifier" self.regress_algo = "LinearRegressor" self.cluster_params = {} self.classif_params = {} self.regress_params = {} self.cluster_measure = None self.classif_measure = None self.regress_measure = None self.set_clustering_measure(SilhouetteMeasure) self.set_classification_measure(F1Measure) self.set_regression_measure(MSEMeasure) self.cluster_cands = [] self.regress_cands = [] self.classif_cands = [] self.clusterer = None self.classifier = None self.regress_models = None
[docs] class DataFormatters(MLRegressionAlgo.DataFormatters): """Machine learning regression model decorators."""
[docs] @classmethod def format_predict_class_dict( cls, predict: Callable[[ndarray], ndarray], ) -> Callable[[DataType], DataType]: """Make an array-based function be called with a dictionary of NumPy arrays. Args: predict: The function to be called; it takes a NumPy array in input and returns a NumPy array. Returns: A function making the function 'predict' work with either a NumPy data array or a dictionary of NumPy data arrays indexed by variables names. The evaluation will have the same type as the input data. """ def wrapper( self, input_data: DataType, *args, **kwargs, ) -> DataType: """Evaluate 'predict' with either array or dictionary-based input data. Firstly, the pre-processing stage converts the input data to a NumPy data array, if these data are expressed as a dictionary of NumPy data arrays. Then, the processing evaluates the function 'predict' from this NumPy input data array. Lastly, the post-processing transforms the output data to a dictionary of output NumPy data array if the input data were passed as a dictionary of NumPy data arrays. Args: input_data: The input data. *args: The positional arguments of the function 'predict'. **kwargs: The keyword arguments of the function 'predict'. Returns: The output data with the same type as the input one. """ as_dict = isinstance(input_data, Mapping) if as_dict: input_data = concatenate_dict_of_arrays_to_array( input_data, self.input_names ) output_data = predict(self, input_data, *args, **kwargs) if as_dict: output_data = {self.LABELS: output_data} return output_data return wrapper
[docs] def set_clusterer( self, cluster_algo: str, **cluster_params: MLAlgoParameterType | None, ) -> None: """Set the clustering algorithm. Args: cluster_algo: The name of the clustering algorithm. **cluster_params: The parameters of the clustering algorithm. """ self.cluster_algo = cluster_algo self.cluster_params = cluster_params
[docs] def set_classifier( self, classif_algo: str, **classif_params: MLAlgoParameterType | None, ) -> None: """Set the classification algorithm. Args: classif_algo: The name of the classification algorithm. **classif_params: The parameters of the classification algorithm. """ self.classif_algo = classif_algo self.classif_params = classif_params
[docs] def set_regressor( self, regress_algo: str, **regress_params: MLAlgoParameterType | None, ) -> None: """Set the regression algorithm. Args: regress_algo: The name of the regression algorithm. **regress_params: The parameters of the regression algorithm. """ self.regress_algo = regress_algo self.regress_params = regress_params
[docs] def set_clustering_measure( self, measure: MLQualityMeasure, **eval_options: EvalOptionType, ) -> None: """Set the quality measure for the clustering algorithms. Args: measure: The quality measure. **eval_options: The options for the quality measure. """ self.cluster_measure = { "measure": measure, "options": eval_options, }
[docs] def set_classification_measure( self, measure: MLQualityMeasure, **eval_options: EvalOptionType, ) -> None: """Set the quality measure for the classification algorithms. Args: measure: The quality measure. **eval_options: The options for the quality measure. """ self.classif_measure = { "measure": measure, "options": eval_options, }
[docs] def set_regression_measure( self, measure: MLQualityMeasure, **eval_options: EvalOptionType, ) -> None: """Set the quality measure for the regression algorithms. Args: measure: The quality measure. **eval_options: The options for the quality measure. """ self.regress_measure = { "measure": measure, "options": eval_options, }
[docs] def add_clusterer_candidate( self, name: str, calib_space: DesignSpace | None = None, calib_algo: dict[str, str | int] | None = None, **option_lists: list[MLAlgoParameterType] | None, ) -> None: """Add a candidate for clustering. Args: name: The name of a clustering algorithm. calib_space: The space defining the calibration variables. calib_algo: The name and options of the DOE or optimization algorithm, e.g. {"algo": "fullfact", "n_samples": 10}). If None, do not perform calibration. **option_lists: Parameters for the clustering algorithm candidate. Each parameter has to be enclosed within a list. The list may contain different values to try out for the given parameter, or only one. """ self.cluster_cands.append( dict( name=name, calib_space=calib_space, calib_algo=calib_algo, **option_lists, ) )
[docs] def add_classifier_candidate( self, name: str, calib_space: DesignSpace | None = None, calib_algo: dict[str, str | int] | None = None, **option_lists: list[MLAlgoParameterType] | None, ) -> None: """Add a candidate for classification. Args: name: The name of a classification algorithm. calib_space: The space defining the calibration variables. calib_algo: The name and options of the DOE or optimization algorithm, e.g. {"algo": "fullfact", "n_samples": 10}). If None, do not perform calibration. **option_lists: Parameters for the clustering algorithm candidate. Each parameter has to be enclosed within a list. The list may contain different values to try out for the given parameter, or only one. """ self.classif_cands.append( dict( name=name, calib_space=calib_space, calib_algo=calib_algo, **option_lists, ) )
[docs] def add_regressor_candidate( self, name: str, calib_space: DesignSpace | None = None, calib_algo: dict[str, str | int] | None = None, **option_lists: list[MLAlgoParameterType] | None, ) -> None: """Add a candidate for regression. Args: name: The name of a regression algorithm. calib_space: The space defining the calibration variables. calib_algo: The name and options of the DOE or optimization algorithm, e.g. {"algo": "fullfact", "n_samples": 10}). If None, do not perform calibration. **option_lists: Parameters for the clustering algorithm candidate. Each parameter has to be enclosed within a list. The list may contain different values to try out for the given parameter, or only one. """ self.regress_cands.append( dict( name=name, calib_space=calib_space, calib_algo=calib_algo, **option_lists, ) )
[docs] @DataFormatters.format_predict_class_dict @DataFormatters.format_samples @DataFormatters.format_transform(transform_outputs=False) def predict_class( self, input_data: DataType, ) -> int | ndarray: """Predict classes from input data. The user can specify these input data either as a NumPy array, e.g. :code:`array([1., 2., 3.])` or as a dictionary, e.g. :code:`{'a': array([1.]), 'b': array([2., 3.])}`. The output data type will be consistent with the input data type. Args: input_data: The input data. Returns: The predicted classes. """ return self.classifier.predict(input_data)
@DataFormatters.format_input_output def predict_local_model( self, input_data: DataType, index: int, ) -> DataType: """Predict output data from input data. The user can specify these input data either as a NumPy array, e.g. :code:`array([1., 2., 3.])` or as a dictionary, e.g. :code:`{'a': array([1.]), 'b': array([2., 3.])}`. The output data type will be consistent with the input data type. Args: input_data: The input data. index: The index of the local regression model. Returns: The predicted output data. """ return self.regress_models[index].predict(input_data) def _fit( self, input_data: ndarray, output_data: ndarray, ) -> None: dataset = IODataset(dataset_name="training_set") dataset.add_group( dataset.INPUT_GROUP, input_data, [self._LOCAL_INPUT], {self._LOCAL_INPUT: input_data.shape[1]}, ) dataset.add_group( dataset.OUTPUT_GROUP, output_data, [self._LOCAL_OUTPUT], {self._LOCAL_OUTPUT: output_data.shape[1]}, ) self._fit_clusters(dataset) _dataset = IODataset(dataset_name="training_set") _dataset.add_group( dataset.INPUT_GROUP, input_data, [self._LOCAL_INPUT], {self._LOCAL_INPUT: input_data.shape[1]}, ) _dataset.add_variable( self.LABELS, self.clusterer.labels[:, newaxis], _dataset.OUTPUT_GROUP ) self._fit_classifier(_dataset) self._fit_regressors(dataset) def _fit_clusters(self, dataset: Dataset) -> None: """Train the clustering algorithm. The method adds resulting labels as a new output in the dataset. Args: dataset: The dataset containing input and output data. """ if not self.cluster_cands: factory = ClusteringModelFactory() self.clusterer = factory.create( self.cluster_algo, data=dataset, **self.cluster_params ) self.clusterer.learn() else: selector = MLAlgoSelection( dataset, self.cluster_measure["measure"], **self.cluster_measure["options"], ) for cand in self.cluster_cands: selector.add_candidate(**cand) self.clusterer = selector.select() LOGGER.info("Selected clusterer:") with MultiLineString.offset(): LOGGER.info("%s", self.clusterer) def _fit_classifier(self, dataset: IODataset) -> None: """Train the classification algorithm. Args: dataset: The dataset containing labeled input and output data. """ if not self.classif_cands: factory = ClassificationModelFactory() self.classifier = factory.create( self.classif_algo, data=dataset, output_names=[self.LABELS], **self.classif_params, ) self.classifier.learn() else: selector = MLAlgoSelection( dataset, self.classif_measure["measure"], **self.classif_measure["options"], ) for cand in self.classif_cands: selector.add_candidate(output_names=[[self.LABELS]], **cand) self.classifier = selector.select() LOGGER.info("Selected classifier:") with MultiLineString.offset(): LOGGER.info("%s", self.classifier) def _fit_regressors(self, dataset: IODataset) -> None: """Train the local regression models on each cluster separately. Args: dataset: The dataset containing labeled input and output data. """ factory = RegressionModelFactory() self.regress_models = [] for index in range(self.clusterer.n_clusters): samples = nonzero(self.clusterer.labels == index)[0] if not self.regress_cands: local_model = factory.create( self.regress_algo, data=dataset, **self.regress_params ) local_model.learn(samples=samples) else: selector = MLAlgoSelection( dataset, self.regress_measure["measure"], samples=samples, **self.regress_measure["options"], ) for cand in self.regress_cands: selector.add_candidate(**cand) local_model = selector.select() LOGGER.info("Selected regressor for cluster %s:", index) with MultiLineString.offset(): LOGGER.info("%s", local_model) self.regress_models.append(local_model) def _predict_all( self, input_data: ndarray, ) -> ndarray: """Predict output of each regression model for given input data. This method stacks the different outputs along a new axis. Args: input_data: The input data with shape (n_samples, n_inputs). Returns: The output data with shape (n_samples, n_clusters, n_outputs). """ # dim(input_data) = (n_samples, n_inputs) # dim(output_data) = (n_samples, n_clusters, n_outputs) output_data = zeros( ( input_data.shape[0], self.n_clusters, self.regress_models[0].output_dimension, ) ) for i in range(self.n_clusters): output_data[:, i] = self.regress_models[i].predict(input_data) return output_data def _predict( self, input_data: ndarray, ) -> ndarray: # dim(probas) = (n_samples, n_clusters, 1 ) # dim(local_outputs) = (n_samples, n_clusters, n_outputs) # dim(contributions) = (n_samples, n_clusters, n_outputs) # dim(global_outputs) = (n_samples, n_outputs) probas = self.classifier.predict_proba(input_data, hard=self.hard) local_outputs = self._predict_all(input_data) contributions = probas * local_outputs global_outputs = contributions.sum(axis=1) return global_outputs def _predict_jacobian( self, input_data: ndarray, ) -> ndarray: if self.hard: jacobians = self._predict_jacobian_hard(input_data) else: jacobians = self._predict_jacobian_soft(input_data) return jacobians def _predict_jacobian_hard( self, input_data: ndarray, ) -> ndarray: """Predict the Jacobian matrices of the regression model at input_data. This method uses a hard classification. Args: input_data: The input data with shape (n_samples, n_inputs). Returns: The predicted Jacobian data with shape (n_samples, n_outputs, n_inputs). """ n_samples = input_data.shape[0] classes = self.classifier.predict(input_data)[..., 0] unq_classes = unique(classes) jacobians = zeros( ( n_samples, self.regress_models[0].output_dimension, self.regress_models[0].input_dimension, ) ) for klass in unq_classes: inds_kls = where(classes == klass) jacobians[inds_kls] = self.regress_models[klass].predict_jacobian( input_data[inds_kls] ) return jacobians def _predict_jacobian_soft( self, input_data: ndarray, ) -> NoReturn: """Predict the Jacobian matrices of the regression model at input_data. This method uses a soft classification. Args: input_data: The input data with shape (n_samples, n_inputs). Returns: The predicted Jacobian data with shape (n_samples, n_outputs, n_inputs). """ raise NotImplementedError def _save_algo( self, directory: Path, ) -> None: self.clusterer.to_pickle(directory / "clusterer") self.classifier.to_pickle(directory / "classifier") for i, local_model in enumerate(self.regress_models): local_model.to_pickle(directory / f"local_model_{i}")
[docs] def load_algo( self, directory: str | Path, ) -> None: directory = Path(directory) cluster_factory = ClusteringModelFactory() classif_factory = ClassificationModelFactory() regress_factory = RegressionModelFactory() self.clusterer = cluster_factory.load(directory / "clusterer") self.classifier = classif_factory.load(directory / "classifier") self.regress_models = [] for i in range(self.n_clusters): self.regress_models.append( regress_factory.load(directory / f"local_model_{i}") )
def __str__(self) -> str: string = MultiLineString() string.add(super().__str__()) string.indent() string.indent() string.add("Clustering") string.indent() string.add(str(self.clusterer).split("\n")[0]) string.dedent() string.add("Classification") string.indent() string.add(str(self.classifier).split("\n")[0]) string.dedent() string.add("Regression") string.indent() for i, local_model in enumerate(self.regress_models): string.add("Local model {}", i) string.indent() string.add(str(local_model).split("\n")[0]) string.dedent() return str(string) def _get_objects_to_save(self) -> dict[str, SavedObjectType]: objects = super()._get_objects_to_save() objects["cluster_algo"] = self.cluster_algo objects["classif_algo"] = self.classif_algo objects["regress_algo"] = self.regress_algo objects["cluster_params"] = self.cluster_params objects["classif_params"] = self.classif_params objects["regress_params"] = self.regress_params return objects @property def labels(self) -> list[int]: """The cluster labels.""" return self.clusterer.labels @property def n_clusters(self) -> int: """The number of clusters.""" return self.clusterer.n_clusters