Glossary¶
- AAO¶
All At Once
- algorithm integrator¶
A user class of the formulation engine that integrates mathematical algorithms such as an optimization algorithm, DOE method or surrogate model
- anaconda¶
A python tool to create virtual environment and easily install precompiled packages, https://www.anaconda.com/distribution
- ANN¶
Artificial Neural Network
- ANR¶
Agence Nationale de la Recherche
- API¶
Application Program Interface
- ASO¶
Asymmetric Subspace Optimization
- ATC¶
Analytical Target Cascading
- bi-level¶
A type of MDO formulation which formulates multiple optimization problems
- BLISS¶
Bi-Level Integrated System Synthesis,
- BLISS2000¶
Bi-Level Integrated System Synthesis, BLISS variant from 2000 paper, using surrogate models
- BLISS98¶
Bi-Level Integrated System Synthesis, original BLISS variant from 1998 paper using coupled derivatives
- CFD¶
Computational Fluid Dynamics
- chain¶
A process that executes a set of disciplines in a sequential way, where outputs of the previously executed disciplines are passed as inputs of the next ones
- CO¶
Collaborative Optimization
- complex step¶
A numerical method to approximate the derivative of a function, similarly to finite differences, but using complex perturbations
- constraint¶
A function of the design variables that must be kept either null or negative in an optimization problem
- constraints¶
All the functions of the design variables that must be kept either null or negative in an optimization problem
- COTS¶
Commercial Off The Shelf
- coupling variables¶
In an MDO scenario, variables that are both used as inputs of a discipline and outputs of another one, or the same discipline
- CSM¶
Computational Structure Mechanics
- CSSO¶
Concurrent Subspaces Optimization
- data flow¶
The sequence of data creation by, and exchanges between disciplines in a process
- data-driven¶
Characteristic of a workflow engine, for which processes are described through the data flow, and in which the work flow is deduced accordingly
- design document¶
A document that describes the design of a program, responding to a Software Requirements Specification
- Design Of Experiments¶
A sampling of a design space, or a generic method that produces samplings of design spaces
- design problem¶
An engineering problem such that a shape has to be changed to match or improve criteria under constraints
- design space¶
The mathematical set containing the design variables of an optimization problem
- design variables¶
The unknowns of the optimization problem
- DFO¶
Derivative-Free Optimization
- disciplinary design variables¶
In an MDO scenario, a subset of the design variables that are inputs of only one discipline
- disciplinary expert¶
A user class of the MDO platform that wraps disciplinary capabilities into disciplines and creates, tests or maintains disciplinary processes
- disciplinary optimization¶
The most basic MDO formulation restricted to a single set of design variables and only suited for a weakly coupled problem
- discipline¶
One program, or an arbitrary set of simulation software, that can be viewed as a mathematical multivalued function, taking inputs and producing outputs through its execution
- DOE¶
Design Of Experiments
- DOE algorithm¶
An algorithm that generates samples of the design space
- driver¶
- EA¶
Evolutionary Algorithm
- eWORMS¶
eclipse Workflow Management System
- finite differences¶
A numerical method to approximate the derivative of a function by small perturbations of the inputs
- fixed-point¶
A family of numerical resolution methods based on an iterative sequence of execution of the type : A() -> B() -> C() -> … -> A() -> B() -> C() until convergence
- FPO¶
Future Projects Office
- GEMSEO¶
Generic Engine for Multi-disciplinary Scenarios, Exploration and Optimization
- generic process¶
A process that can be applied to any discipline or set of disciplines, such as Multi Disciplinary Analyses methods that solves the coupling variables of a set of disciplines
- gradient¶
Total derivative of a function with respect to its variables
- gradient-based optimization¶
A class of optimization algorithms that use the total derivatives of the objective function and constraints
- grammar¶
A set of rules to be respected by a data set. Typically used to describe the inputs and outputs of a discipline
- HDF¶
Hierarchical Data Format to save and structure files with huge data
- Hessian¶
The matrix of second order partial derivatives of one output with respect to inputs
- HPC¶
High Performance Computing
- HTML¶
Hypertext Markup Language
- IDF¶
Individual Discipline Feasible
- interface¶
A set of functions and data from a software exposed to other software
- IRT¶
Institut de Recherche Technologique Saint Exupéry
- jacobian¶
The matrix of first order partial derivatives of outputs with respect to inputs
- job scheduler¶
A program used to distribute tasks and allocate resources for tasks on HPC clusters
- JSON¶
JavaScript Object Notation
- JSON schema¶
A JSON description of JSON data, similar to XML schemas
- KKT¶
Karun Kuhn Tucker
- LHS¶
Latin Hypercube Sampling
- library wrapper¶
A code that translates the existing API of a program, or a library, into a compatible one
- local design variables¶
In an MDO scenario, a subset of the design variables that are inputs of only one discipline
- LOO¶
Leave One Out
- LP¶
Linear Programming
- LSF¶
COTS jobs scheduler for HPC clusters
- MDA¶
Multi-Disciplinary Analysis
- MDF¶
Multi-Disciplinary Feasible
- MDO¶
Multi-Disciplinary Design Optimization
- MDO architecture¶
the software architecture that enables the programming and resolution of MDO design problems
- MDO formulation¶
The mathematical strategy used to define the optimization problem(s) to be solved
- MDO formulations designer¶
A user class of GEMSEO that creates, implements, tests or maintains MDO formulations
- MDO formulations engine¶
A program that enables the implementation of MDO formulations
- MDO integrator¶
A user class that uses disciplines and MDO formulations to create, test and maintain MDO scenarios
- MDO platform¶
A set of programs integrated in a common framework, enabling the resolution of multidisciplinary engineering problems using numerical simulation and optimization
- MDO user¶
A user class of the MDO platform that executes an MDO scenario to produce results
- MDOIS¶
MDO of Independent Subspaces
- MMA¶
Method of Moving Asymptotes
- Model Center¶
COTS workflow engine developed by Phoenix Integration
- modular architecture¶
A software architecture based on separated components, with a relative independence between them
- Monolithic¶
A type of MDO formulation which formulates a single optimization problem
- Newton method¶
A root finding method that uses successive linear approximations of the function of interest
- NLopt¶
Non-Linear Optimization package, an open source library of optimization algorithms from MIT, http://ab-initio.mit.edu/nlopt
- Object Oriented Programming¶
A programming paradigm based on objects, which are data structures as well as a structure for methods
- objective function¶
The function to be minimized or maximized in an optimization problem
- OpenDACE¶
Open Design and Analysis of Computer Experiments: a program developed by Airbus to standardize interfaces of optimization algorithms, DOE methods and surrogate models as well as the related problems to be solved
- operating condition¶
An input parameter of a simulation program that defines a physical parameter in which the system operates. Typically the speed of a vehicle, or its altitude
- optimization algorithm¶
An algorithm capable of solving optimization problems
- optimization history¶
The database of values of the objective function, constraints and design variables obtained during an optimization
- optimization problem¶
A mathematical problem consisting in finding a set of variables which minimizes or maximizes a mathematical function (possibly a set-valued map), while satisfying constraints on these variables or on artrary functions
- optimum¶
Solution of an optimization problem: the design variables values at the minimum of the function, subject to the constraints
- PIDO¶
Process Integration and Design Optimization
- pip¶
The PyPA recommended tool for installing Python packages. https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip
- process¶
A series of executions and data exchanges, ie the workflow and the data flow.
- processes data¶
The disciplines inputs and generated outputs during the execution of a process
- RBF¶
Radial Basis Function
- root finding¶
A family of numerical resolution methods that solves multivariate problems of the type R(x)=0
- run time¶
In computer science, run time, runtime or execution time is the time during which a program is running (executing), in contrast to other program life cycle phases such as compile time, link time and load time
- SAND¶
Simultaneous Analysis and Design
- SBO¶
Surrogate Based Optimization
- scenario¶
The translation of a design problem into an executable. When executed, a scenario generates a process
- Scilab¶
An open-source alternative to Matlab
- SciPy¶
Open Source Library of Scientific Tools, containing a library of optimization algorithms, https://scipy.org
- Secure Shell¶
(SSH) an encrypted network protocol for accessing remote computers
- sequence diagram¶
A UML diagram that shows objects execution sequence, such as the function calls and their arguments, and the execution order
- serialization¶
Process of writing objects or data structures to disk or more generally, to formats that can be stored
The design variables that are shared by more than one discipline
- simulation software¶
A program that simulates a part of the physics of a system, or contributes to the overall simulation of the system, such as a mesher
- SLM¶
Simulation Life Cycle Management
- SLSQP¶
Sequential Least Squares Quadratic Programming
- SOM¶
Self Organizing Map
- SRS¶
Software Requirements Specification
- SSBJ¶
SuperSonic Business Jet
- surrogate model¶
A mathematical model of another model. Typically used to substitute an expensive simulation-based model by an approximation whose cost of evaluation is lower, at the price of an initial sampling of the original model
- SWIG¶
Simplified Wrapper and Interface Generator
- system design variables¶
The design variables that are shared by more than one discipline, at the system level optimization problem in a bi level MDO scenario
- trade-off¶
A study that aims at comparing different options in terms of design parameters, and analyse their impacts
- UML¶
Unified Modeling Language
- weakly coupled problem¶
A multidisciplinary problem where the coupling variables can be computed by a single execution chain
- work flow¶
The execution sequence of the disciplines in a process
- workflow engine¶
A program used to design, run and analyze processes
- workflow-driven¶
Characteristic of a workflow engine, for which processes are described through the work flow, and in which the data flow is deduced accordingly
- WORMS¶
Workflow Management System
- wrapper¶
Here discipline wrappers. Standardized interface defining inputs, outputs and execution of a given simulation software.
- XDSM¶
eXtended Design Structure Matrix
- XML¶
Extensible Markup Language