diagonal module¶
Scalable diagonal model¶
This module implements the concept of scalable diagonal model, which is a particular scalable model built from an input-output dataset relying on a diagonal design of experiments (DOE) where inputs vary proportionally from their lower bounds to their upper bounds, following the diagonal of the input space.
So for every output, the dataset catches its evolution with respect to this proportion, which makes it a monodimensional behavior. Then, for a new user-defined problem dimension, the scalable model extrapolates this monodimensional behavior to the different input directions.
The concept of scalable diagonal model is implemented through
the ScalableDiagonalModel
class
which is composed of a ScalableDiagonalApproximation
.
With regard to the diagonal DOE, GEMSEO proposes the
DiagonalDOE
class.
Classes:
|
Methodology that captures the trends of a physical problem, and extends it into a problem that has scalable input and outputs dimensions The original and the resulting scalable problem have the same interface: |
|
Scalable diagonal model. |
Functions:
|
Generates a random sample from a given 1-D array |
seed(self, seed=None) |
|
|
Random values in a given shape. |
|
Return random integers from low (inclusive) to high (exclusive). |
- class gemseo.problems.scalable.data_driven.diagonal.ScalableDiagonalApproximation(sizes, output_dependency, io_dependency, seed=0)[source]¶
Bases:
object
Methodology that captures the trends of a physical problem, and extends it into a problem that has scalable input and outputs dimensions The original and the resulting scalable problem have the same interface:
all inputs and outputs have the same names; only their dimensions vary.
Constructor:
- Parameters
sizes (dict) – sizes of both input and output variables.
output_dependency (dict) – dependency between old and new outputs.
io_dependency (dict) – dependency between new inputs and new outputs.
Methods:
build_scalable_function
(function_name, ...)Build interpolation interpolation from a 1D input and output function.
get_scalable_derivative
(output_function)Retrieve the (scalable) gradient of the scalable function generated from the original discipline.
get_scalable_function
(output_function)Retrieve the scalable function generated from the original discipline.
scale_samples
(samples)Scale samples of array into [0, 1]
- build_scalable_function(function_name, dataset, input_names, degree=3)[source]¶
Build interpolation interpolation from a 1D input and output function. Add the model to the local dictionary.
- Parameters
function_name (str) – name of the output function
dataset (Dataset) – the input-output dataset
input_names (list(str)) – names of the input variables
degree (int) –
degree of interpolation (Default value = 3)
By default it is set to 3.
- get_scalable_derivative(output_function)[source]¶
Retrieve the (scalable) gradient of the scalable function generated from the original discipline.
- Parameters
output_function (str) – name of the output function
- class gemseo.problems.scalable.data_driven.diagonal.ScalableDiagonalModel(data, sizes=None, fill_factor=- 1, comp_dep=None, inpt_dep=None, force_input_dependency=False, allow_unused_inputs=True, seed=1, group_dep=None)[source]¶
Bases:
gemseo.problems.scalable.data_driven.model.ScalableModel
Scalable diagonal model.
Constructor.
- Parameters
data (Dataset) – learning dataset.
sizes (dict) –
sizes of input and output variables. If None, use the original sizes. Default: None.
By default it is set to None.
fill_factor –
degree of sparsity of the dependency matrix. Default: -1.
By default it is set to -1.
comp_dep –
matrix that establishes the selection of a single original component for each scalable component
By default it is set to None.
inpt_dep –
dependency matrix that establishes the dependency of outputs wrt inputs
By default it is set to None.
force_input_dependency (bool) –
for any output, force dependency with at least on input.
By default it is set to False.
allow_unused_inputs (bool) –
possibility to have an input with no dependence with any output
By default it is set to True.
seed (int) –
seed
By default it is set to 1.
group_dep (dict(list(str))) –
dependency between inputs and outputs
By default it is set to None.
Attributes:
Inputs names.
Original sizes of variables.
Outputs names.
Methods:
Build model with original sizes for input and output variables.
Compute lower and upper bounds of both input and output variables.
Generates a random dependency structure for use in scalable discipline.
Normalize dataset from lower and upper bounds.
plot_1d_interpolations
([save, show, step, ...])This methods plots the scaled 1D interpolations, a.k.a.
plot_dependency
([add_levels, save, show, ...])This method plots the dependency matrix of a discipline in the form of a chessboard, where rows represent inputs, columns represent output and gray scale represent the dependency level between inputs and outputs.
scalable_derivatives
([input_value])Evaluate the scalable derivatives.
scalable_function
([input_value])Evaluate the scalable functions.
- ABBR = 'sdm'¶
- build_model()[source]¶
Build model with original sizes for input and output variables.
- Returns
scalable approximation.
- Return type
- compute_bounds()¶
Compute lower and upper bounds of both input and output variables.
- Returns
lower bounds, upper bounds.
- Return type
dict, dict
- generate_random_dependency()[source]¶
Generates a random dependency structure for use in scalable discipline.
- Returns
output component dependency and input-output dependency
- Return type
dict(int), dict(dict(array))
- property inputs_names¶
Inputs names.
- Returns
names of the inputs.
- Return type
list(str)
- normalize_data()¶
Normalize dataset from lower and upper bounds.
- property original_sizes¶
Original sizes of variables.
- Returns
original sizes of variables.
- Return type
dict
- property outputs_names¶
Outputs names.
- Returns
names of the outputs.
- Return type
list(str)
- plot_1d_interpolations(save=False, show=False, step=0.01, varnames=None, directory='.', png=False)[source]¶
This methods plots the scaled 1D interpolations, a.k.a. basis functions.
A basis function is a monodimensional function interpolating the samples of a given output component over the input sampling line \(t\in[0,1]\mapsto \\underline{x}+t(\overline{x}-\\underline{x})\).
There are as many basis functions as there are output components from the discipline. Thus, for a discipline with a single output in dimension 1, there is 1 basis function. For a discipline with a single output in dimension 2, there are 2 basis functions. For a discipline with an output in dimension 2 and an output in dimension 13, there are 15 basis functions. And so on. This method allows to plot the basis functions associated with all outputs or only part of them, either on screen (
show=True
), in a file (save=True
) or both. We can also specify the discretizationstep
whose default value is0.01
.- Parameters
save (bool) –
if True, export the plot as a PDF file (Default value = False)
By default it is set to False.
show (bool) –
if True, display the plot (Default value = False)
By default it is set to False.
step (bool) –
Step to evaluate the 1d interpolation function (Default value = 0.01)
By default it is set to 0.01.
varnames (list(str)) –
names of the variable to plot; if None, all variables are plotted (Default value = None)
By default it is set to None.
directory (str) –
directory path. Default: ‘.’.
By default it is set to ..
png (bool) –
if True, the file format is PNG. Otherwise, use PDF. Default: False.
By default it is set to False.
- plot_dependency(add_levels=True, save=True, show=False, directory='.', png=False)[source]¶
This method plots the dependency matrix of a discipline in the form of a chessboard, where rows represent inputs, columns represent output and gray scale represent the dependency level between inputs and outputs.
- Parameters
add_levels (bool) –
add values of dependency levels in percentage. Default: True.
By default it is set to True.
save (bool) –
if True, export the plot into a file. Default: True.
By default it is set to True.
show (bool) –
if True, display the plot. Default: False.
By default it is set to False.
directory (str) –
directory path. Default: ‘.’.
By default it is set to ..
png (bool) –
if True, the file format is PNG. Otherwise, use PDF. Default: False.
By default it is set to False.
- gemseo.problems.scalable.data_driven.diagonal.choice(a, size=None, replace=True, p=None)¶
Generates a random sample from a given 1-D array
New in version 1.7.0.
Note
New code should use the
choice
method of adefault_rng()
instance instead; please see the random-quick-start.- Parameters
a (1-D array-like or int) – If an ndarray, a random sample is generated from its elements. If an int, the random sample is generated as if a were np.arange(a)
size (int or tuple of ints, optional) – Output shape. If the given shape is, e.g.,
(m, n, k)
, thenm * n * k
samples are drawn. Default is None, in which case a single value is returned.replace (boolean, optional) – Whether the sample is with or without replacement
p (1-D array-like, optional) – The probabilities associated with each entry in a. If not given the sample assumes a uniform distribution over all entries in a.
- Returns
samples – The generated random samples
- Return type
single item or ndarray
- Raises
ValueError – If a is an int and less than zero, if a or p are not 1-dimensional, if a is an array-like of size 0, if p is not a vector of probabilities, if a and p have different lengths, or if replace=False and the sample size is greater than the population size
Notes
Sampling random rows from a 2-D array is not possible with this function, but is possible with Generator.choice through its
axis
keyword.Examples
Generate a uniform random sample from np.arange(5) of size 3:
>>> np.random.choice(5, 3) array([0, 3, 4]) # random >>> #This is equivalent to np.random.randint(0,5,3)
Generate a non-uniform random sample from np.arange(5) of size 3:
>>> np.random.choice(5, 3, p=[0.1, 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0]) array([3, 3, 0]) # random
Generate a uniform random sample from np.arange(5) of size 3 without replacement:
>>> np.random.choice(5, 3, replace=False) array([3,1,0]) # random >>> #This is equivalent to np.random.permutation(np.arange(5))[:3]
Generate a non-uniform random sample from np.arange(5) of size 3 without replacement:
>>> np.random.choice(5, 3, replace=False, p=[0.1, 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0]) array([2, 3, 0]) # random
Any of the above can be repeated with an arbitrary array-like instead of just integers. For instance:
>>> aa_milne_arr = ['pooh', 'rabbit', 'piglet', 'Christopher'] >>> np.random.choice(aa_milne_arr, 5, p=[0.5, 0.1, 0.1, 0.3]) array(['pooh', 'pooh', 'pooh', 'Christopher', 'piglet'], # random dtype='<U11')
- gemseo.problems.scalable.data_driven.diagonal.npseed()¶
seed(self, seed=None)
Reseed a legacy MT19937 BitGenerator
Notes
This is a convenience, legacy function.
The best practice is to not reseed a BitGenerator, rather to recreate a new one. This method is here for legacy reasons. This example demonstrates best practice.
>>> from numpy.random import MT19937 >>> from numpy.random import RandomState, SeedSequence >>> rs = RandomState(MT19937(SeedSequence(123456789))) # Later, you want to restart the stream >>> rs = RandomState(MT19937(SeedSequence(987654321)))
- gemseo.problems.scalable.data_driven.diagonal.rand(d0, d1, ..., dn)¶
Random values in a given shape.
Note
This is a convenience function for users porting code from Matlab, and wraps random_sample. That function takes a tuple to specify the size of the output, which is consistent with other NumPy functions like numpy.zeros and numpy.ones.
Create an array of the given shape and populate it with random samples from a uniform distribution over
[0, 1)
.- Parameters
d0 (int, optional) – The dimensions of the returned array, must be non-negative. If no argument is given a single Python float is returned.
d1 (int, optional) – The dimensions of the returned array, must be non-negative. If no argument is given a single Python float is returned.
... (int, optional) – The dimensions of the returned array, must be non-negative. If no argument is given a single Python float is returned.
dn (int, optional) – The dimensions of the returned array, must be non-negative. If no argument is given a single Python float is returned.
- Returns
out – Random values.
- Return type
ndarray, shape
(d0, d1, ..., dn)
See also
random
Examples
>>> np.random.rand(3,2) array([[ 0.14022471, 0.96360618], #random [ 0.37601032, 0.25528411], #random [ 0.49313049, 0.94909878]]) #random
- gemseo.problems.scalable.data_driven.diagonal.randint(low, high=None, size=None, dtype=int)¶
Return random integers from low (inclusive) to high (exclusive).
Return random integers from the “discrete uniform” distribution of the specified dtype in the “half-open” interval [low, high). If high is None (the default), then results are from [0, low).
Note
New code should use the
integers
method of adefault_rng()
instance instead; please see the random-quick-start.- Parameters
low (int or array-like of ints) – Lowest (signed) integers to be drawn from the distribution (unless
high=None
, in which case this parameter is one above the highest such integer).high (int or array-like of ints, optional) – If provided, one above the largest (signed) integer to be drawn from the distribution (see above for behavior if
high=None
). If array-like, must contain integer valuessize (int or tuple of ints, optional) – Output shape. If the given shape is, e.g.,
(m, n, k)
, thenm * n * k
samples are drawn. Default is None, in which case a single value is returned.dtype (dtype, optional) –
Desired dtype of the result. Byteorder must be native. The default value is int.
New in version 1.11.0.
- Returns
out – size-shaped array of random integers from the appropriate distribution, or a single such random int if size not provided.
- Return type
int or ndarray of ints
See also
random_integers
similar to randint, only for the closed interval [low, high], and 1 is the lowest value if high is omitted.
Generator.integers
which should be used for new code.
Examples
>>> np.random.randint(2, size=10) array([1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0]) # random >>> np.random.randint(1, size=10) array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0])
Generate a 2 x 4 array of ints between 0 and 4, inclusive:
>>> np.random.randint(5, size=(2, 4)) array([[4, 0, 2, 1], # random [3, 2, 2, 0]])
Generate a 1 x 3 array with 3 different upper bounds
>>> np.random.randint(1, [3, 5, 10]) array([2, 2, 9]) # random
Generate a 1 by 3 array with 3 different lower bounds
>>> np.random.randint([1, 5, 7], 10) array([9, 8, 7]) # random
Generate a 2 by 4 array using broadcasting with dtype of uint8
>>> np.random.randint([1, 3, 5, 7], [[10], [20]], dtype=np.uint8) array([[ 8, 6, 9, 7], # random [ 1, 16, 9, 12]], dtype=uint8)