Note
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MDO formulations for a toy example in aerostructure¶
from __future__ import annotations
from copy import deepcopy
from gemseo.api import configure_logger
from gemseo.api import create_discipline
from gemseo.api import create_scenario
from gemseo.api import generate_n2_plot
from gemseo.problems.aerostructure.aerostructure_design_space import (
AerostructureDesignSpace,
)
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
configure_logger()
algo_options = {
"xtol_rel": 1e-8,
"xtol_abs": 1e-8,
"ftol_rel": 1e-8,
"ftol_abs": 1e-8,
"ineq_tolerance": 1e-5,
"eq_tolerance": 1e-3,
}
Create discipline¶
First, we create disciplines (aero, structure, mission) with dummy formulas
using the AnalyticDiscipline class.
aero_formulas = {
"drag": "0.1*((sweep/360)**2 + 200 + "
+ "thick_airfoils**2-thick_airfoils -4*displ)",
"forces": "10*sweep + 0.2*thick_airfoils-0.2*displ",
"lift": "(sweep + 0.2*thick_airfoils-2.*displ)/3000.",
}
aerodynamics = create_discipline(
"AnalyticDiscipline", name="Aerodynamics", expressions=aero_formulas
)
struc_formulas = {
"mass": "4000*(sweep/360)**3 + 200000 + " + "100*thick_panels +200.0*forces",
"reserve_fact": "-3*sweep " + "-6*thick_panels+0.1*forces+55",
"displ": "2*sweep + 3*thick_panels-2.*forces",
}
structure = create_discipline(
"AnalyticDiscipline", name="Structure", expressions=struc_formulas
)
mission_formulas = {"range": "8e11*lift/(mass*drag)"}
mission = create_discipline(
"AnalyticDiscipline", name="Mission", expressions=mission_formulas
)
disciplines = [aerodynamics, structure, mission]
We can see that structure and aerodynamics are strongly coupled:
generate_n2_plot(disciplines, save=False, show=True)
Create an MDO scenario with MDF formulation¶
Then, we create an MDO scenario based on the MDF formulation
design_space = AerostructureDesignSpace()
scenario = create_scenario(
disciplines=disciplines,
formulation="MDF",
objective_name="range",
design_space=design_space,
maximize_objective=True,
)
scenario.add_constraint("reserve_fact", "ineq", value=0.5)
scenario.add_constraint("lift", "eq", value=0.5)
scenario.execute({"algo": "NLOPT_SLSQP", "max_iter": 10, "algo_options": algo_options})
scenario.post_process("OptHistoryView", save=False, show=True)
/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/gemseo/envs/4.1.0/lib/python3.9/site-packages/gemseo/algos/design_space.py:459: ComplexWarning: Casting complex values to real discards the imaginary part
self.__current_value[name] = array_value.astype(
INFO - 14:47:20: Variable reserve_fact was removed from the Design Space, it is not an input of any discipline.
INFO - 14:47:20:
INFO - 14:47:20: *** Start MDOScenario execution ***
INFO - 14:47:20: MDOScenario
INFO - 14:47:20: Disciplines: Aerodynamics Mission Structure
INFO - 14:47:20: MDO formulation: MDF
INFO - 14:47:20: Optimization problem:
INFO - 14:47:20: minimize -range(thick_airfoils, thick_panels, sweep)
INFO - 14:47:20: with respect to sweep, thick_airfoils, thick_panels
INFO - 14:47:20: subject to constraints:
INFO - 14:47:20: reserve_fact(thick_airfoils, thick_panels, sweep) <= 0.5
INFO - 14:47:20: lift(thick_airfoils, thick_panels, sweep) == 0.5
INFO - 14:47:20: over the design space:
INFO - 14:47:20: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:20: | name | lower_bound | value | upper_bound | type |
INFO - 14:47:20: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:20: | thick_airfoils | 5 | 15 | 25 | float |
INFO - 14:47:20: | thick_panels | 1 | 3 | 20 | float |
INFO - 14:47:20: | sweep | 10 | 25 | 35 | float |
INFO - 14:47:20: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:20: Solving optimization problem with algorithm NLOPT_SLSQP:
INFO - 14:47:20: ... 0%| | 0/10 [00:00<?, ?it]
INFO - 14:47:21: ... 30%|███ | 3/10 [00:00<00:00, 77.68 it/sec, obj=-4.25e+3]
ERROR - 14:47:21: NLopt run failed: NLopt roundoff-limited, RoundoffLimited
INFO - 14:47:21: ... 30%|███ | 3/10 [00:00<00:00, 75.44 it/sec, obj=-4.25e+3]
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimization result:
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimizer info:
INFO - 14:47:21: Status: None
INFO - 14:47:21: Message: GEMSEO Stopped the driver
INFO - 14:47:21: Number of calls to the objective function by the optimizer: 4
INFO - 14:47:21: Solution:
INFO - 14:47:21: The solution is feasible.
INFO - 14:47:21: Objective: -4509.505446938985
INFO - 14:47:21: Standardized constraints:
INFO - 14:47:21: lift - 0.5 = 1.4988010832439613e-14
INFO - 14:47:21: reserve_fact - 0.5 = 1.1013668199666427e-08
INFO - 14:47:21: Design space:
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | name | lower_bound | value | upper_bound | type |
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | thick_airfoils | 5 | 5 | 25 | float |
INFO - 14:47:21: | thick_panels | 1 | 3.225589223849015 | 20 | float |
INFO - 14:47:21: | sweep | 10 | 24.99326599298144 | 35 | float |
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: *** End MDOScenario execution (time: 0:00:00.146365) ***
<gemseo.post.opt_history_view.OptHistoryView object at 0x7f3bf9a73e80>
Create an MDO scenario with bilevel formulation¶
Then, we create an MDO scenario based on the bilevel formulation
sub_scenario_options = {
"max_iter": 5,
"algo": "NLOPT_SLSQP",
"algo_options": algo_options,
}
design_space_ref = AerostructureDesignSpace()
/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/gemseo/envs/4.1.0/lib/python3.9/site-packages/gemseo/algos/design_space.py:459: ComplexWarning: Casting complex values to real discards the imaginary part
self.__current_value[name] = array_value.astype(
Create the aeronautics sub-scenario¶
For this purpose, we create a first sub-scenario to maximize the range with respect to the thick airfoils, based on the aerodynamics discipline.
design_space_aero = deepcopy(design_space_ref).filter(["thick_airfoils"])
aero_scenario = create_scenario(
disciplines=[aerodynamics, mission],
formulation="DisciplinaryOpt",
objective_name="range",
design_space=design_space_aero,
maximize_objective=True,
)
aero_scenario.default_inputs = sub_scenario_options
Create the structure sub-scenario¶
We create a second sub-scenario to maximize the range with respect to the thick panels, based on the structure discipline.
design_space_struct = deepcopy(design_space_ref).filter(["thick_panels"])
struct_scenario = create_scenario(
disciplines=[structure, mission],
formulation="DisciplinaryOpt",
objective_name="range",
design_space=design_space_struct,
maximize_objective=True,
)
struct_scenario.default_inputs = sub_scenario_options
Create the system scenario¶
Lastly, we build a system scenario to maximize the range with respect to the sweep, which is a shared variable, based on the previous sub-scenarios.
design_space_system = deepcopy(design_space_ref).filter(["sweep"])
system_scenario = create_scenario(
disciplines=[aero_scenario, struct_scenario, mission],
formulation="BiLevel",
objective_name="range",
design_space=design_space_system,
maximize_objective=True,
inner_mda_name="MDAJacobi",
tolerance=1e-8,
)
system_scenario.add_constraint("reserve_fact", "ineq", value=0.5)
system_scenario.add_constraint("lift", "eq", value=0.5)
system_scenario.execute(
{"algo": "NLOPT_COBYLA", "max_iter": 7, "algo_options": algo_options}
)
system_scenario.post_process("OptHistoryView", save=False, show=False)
# Workaround for HTML rendering, instead of ``show=True``
plt.show()
INFO - 14:47:21:
INFO - 14:47:21: *** Start MDOScenario execution ***
INFO - 14:47:21: MDOScenario
INFO - 14:47:21: Disciplines: MDOScenario MDOScenario Mission
INFO - 14:47:21: MDO formulation: BiLevel
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimization problem:
INFO - 14:47:21: minimize -range(sweep)
INFO - 14:47:21: with respect to sweep
INFO - 14:47:21: subject to constraints:
INFO - 14:47:21: reserve_fact(sweep) <= 0.5
INFO - 14:47:21: lift(sweep) == 0.5
INFO - 14:47:21: over the design space:
INFO - 14:47:21: +-------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | name | lower_bound | value | upper_bound | type |
INFO - 14:47:21: +-------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | sweep | 10 | 25 | 35 | float |
INFO - 14:47:21: +-------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: Solving optimization problem with algorithm NLOPT_COBYLA:
INFO - 14:47:21: ... 0%| | 0/7 [00:00<?, ?it]
INFO - 14:47:21:
INFO - 14:47:21: *** Start MDOScenario execution ***
INFO - 14:47:21: MDOScenario
INFO - 14:47:21: Disciplines: Aerodynamics Mission
INFO - 14:47:21: MDO formulation: DisciplinaryOpt
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimization problem:
INFO - 14:47:21: minimize -range(thick_airfoils)
INFO - 14:47:21: with respect to thick_airfoils
INFO - 14:47:21: subject to constraints:
INFO - 14:47:21: lift(thick_airfoils) == 0.5
INFO - 14:47:21: over the design space:
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | name | lower_bound | value | upper_bound | type |
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | thick_airfoils | 5 | 15 | 25 | float |
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: Solving optimization problem with algorithm NLOPT_SLSQP:
INFO - 14:47:21: ... 0%| | 0/5 [00:00<?, ?it]
INFO - 14:47:21:
WARNING - 14:47:21: Optimization found no feasible point ! The least infeasible point is selected.
INFO - 14:47:21: ... 40%|████ | 2/5 [00:00<00:00, 447.08 it/sec, obj=-4.25e+3]
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimization result:
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimizer info:
INFO - 14:47:21: Status: 5
INFO - 14:47:21: Message: NLOPT_MAXEVAL_REACHED: Optimization stopped because maxeval (above) was reached
INFO - 14:47:21: Number of calls to the objective function by the optimizer: 8
INFO - 14:47:21: Solution:
WARNING - 14:47:21: The solution is not feasible.
INFO - 14:47:21: Objective: -4500.624867974909
INFO - 14:47:21: Standardized constraints:
INFO - 14:47:21: lift - 0.5 = 0.005333333333333523
INFO - 14:47:21: Design space:
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | name | lower_bound | value | upper_bound | type |
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | thick_airfoils | 5 | 5 | 25 | float |
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: *** End MDOScenario execution (time: 0:00:00.022917) ***
INFO - 14:47:21:
INFO - 14:47:21: *** Start MDOScenario execution ***
INFO - 14:47:21: MDOScenario
INFO - 14:47:21: Disciplines: Mission Structure
INFO - 14:47:21: MDO formulation: DisciplinaryOpt
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimization problem:
INFO - 14:47:21: minimize -range(thick_panels)
INFO - 14:47:21: with respect to thick_panels
INFO - 14:47:21: subject to constraints:
INFO - 14:47:21: reserve_fact(thick_panels) <= 0.5
INFO - 14:47:21: over the design space:
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | name | lower_bound | value | upper_bound | type |
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | thick_panels | 1 | 3 | 20 | float |
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: Solving optimization problem with algorithm NLOPT_SLSQP:
INFO - 14:47:21: ... 0%| | 0/5 [00:00<?, ?it]
INFO - 14:47:21:
INFO - 14:47:21: ... 80%|████████ | 4/5 [00:00<00:00, 322.48 it/sec, obj=-4.51e+3]
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimization result:
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimizer info:
INFO - 14:47:21: Status: None
INFO - 14:47:21: Message: Successive iterates of the objective function are closer than ftol_rel or ftol_abs. GEMSEO Stopped the driver
INFO - 14:47:21: Number of calls to the objective function by the optimizer: 5
INFO - 14:47:21: Solution:
INFO - 14:47:21: The solution is feasible.
INFO - 14:47:21: Objective: -4506.645473559234
INFO - 14:47:21: Standardized constraints:
INFO - 14:47:21: reserve_fact - 0.5 = 1.1943299682570796e-09
INFO - 14:47:21: Design space:
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | name | lower_bound | value | upper_bound | type |
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | thick_panels | 1 | 3.249999999800945 | 20 | float |
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: *** End MDOScenario execution (time: 0:00:00.027378) ***
INFO - 14:47:21: ... 14%|█▍ | 1/7 [00:00<00:00, 59.01 it/sec, obj=-4.51e+3]
INFO - 14:47:21:
INFO - 14:47:21: *** Start MDOScenario execution ***
INFO - 14:47:21: MDOScenario
INFO - 14:47:21: Disciplines: Aerodynamics Mission
INFO - 14:47:21: MDO formulation: DisciplinaryOpt
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimization problem:
INFO - 14:47:21: minimize -range(thick_airfoils)
INFO - 14:47:21: with respect to thick_airfoils
INFO - 14:47:21: subject to constraints:
INFO - 14:47:21: lift(thick_airfoils) == 0.5
INFO - 14:47:21: over the design space:
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | name | lower_bound | value | upper_bound | type |
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | thick_airfoils | 5 | 5 | 25 | float |
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: Solving optimization problem with algorithm NLOPT_SLSQP:
INFO - 14:47:21: ... 0%| | 0/5 [00:00<?, ?it]
INFO - 14:47:21:
WARNING - 14:47:21: Optimization found no feasible point ! The least infeasible point is selected.
INFO - 14:47:21: ... 20%|██ | 1/5 [00:00<00:00, 1203.53 it/sec, obj=-4.27e+3]
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimization result:
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimizer info:
INFO - 14:47:21: Status: 5
INFO - 14:47:21: Message: NLOPT_MAXEVAL_REACHED: Optimization stopped because maxeval (above) was reached
INFO - 14:47:21: Number of calls to the objective function by the optimizer: 8
INFO - 14:47:21: Solution:
WARNING - 14:47:21: The solution is not feasible.
INFO - 14:47:21: Objective: -4267.901616337711
INFO - 14:47:21: Standardized constraints:
INFO - 14:47:21: lift - 0.5 = 0.1271388888895526
INFO - 14:47:21: Design space:
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | name | lower_bound | value | upper_bound | type |
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | thick_airfoils | 5 | 5 | 25 | float |
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: *** End MDOScenario execution (time: 0:00:00.007518) ***
INFO - 14:47:21:
INFO - 14:47:21: *** Start MDOScenario execution ***
INFO - 14:47:21: MDOScenario
INFO - 14:47:21: Disciplines: Mission Structure
INFO - 14:47:21: MDO formulation: DisciplinaryOpt
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimization problem:
INFO - 14:47:21: minimize -range(thick_panels)
INFO - 14:47:21: with respect to thick_panels
INFO - 14:47:21: subject to constraints:
INFO - 14:47:21: reserve_fact(thick_panels) <= 0.5
INFO - 14:47:21: over the design space:
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | name | lower_bound | value | upper_bound | type |
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | thick_panels | 1 | 3.249999999800945 | 20 | float |
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: Solving optimization problem with algorithm NLOPT_SLSQP:
INFO - 14:47:21: ... 0%| | 0/5 [00:00<?, ?it]
INFO - 14:47:21:
INFO - 14:47:21: ... 80%|████████ | 4/5 [00:00<00:00, 458.16 it/sec, obj=-4.27e+3]
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimization result:
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimizer info:
INFO - 14:47:21: Status: None
INFO - 14:47:21: Message: Successive iterates of the objective function are closer than ftol_rel or ftol_abs. GEMSEO Stopped the driver
INFO - 14:47:21: Number of calls to the objective function by the optimizer: 5
INFO - 14:47:21: Solution:
INFO - 14:47:21: The solution is feasible.
INFO - 14:47:21: Objective: -4270.014801163452
INFO - 14:47:21: Standardized constraints:
INFO - 14:47:21: reserve_fact - 0.5 = 2.0847750192842796e-09
INFO - 14:47:21: Design space:
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | name | lower_bound | value | upper_bound | type |
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | thick_panels | 1 | 1.765277777433633 | 20 | float |
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: *** End MDOScenario execution (time: 0:00:00.014240) ***
INFO - 14:47:21:
INFO - 14:47:21: *** Start MDOScenario execution ***
INFO - 14:47:21: MDOScenario
INFO - 14:47:21: Disciplines: Aerodynamics Mission
INFO - 14:47:21: MDO formulation: DisciplinaryOpt
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimization problem:
INFO - 14:47:21: minimize -range(thick_airfoils)
INFO - 14:47:21: with respect to thick_airfoils
INFO - 14:47:21: subject to constraints:
INFO - 14:47:21: lift(thick_airfoils) == 0.5
INFO - 14:47:21: over the design space:
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | name | lower_bound | value | upper_bound | type |
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | thick_airfoils | 5 | 5 | 25 | float |
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: Solving optimization problem with algorithm NLOPT_SLSQP:
INFO - 14:47:21: ... 0%| | 0/5 [00:00<?, ?it]
INFO - 14:47:21:
WARNING - 14:47:21: Optimization found no feasible point ! The least infeasible point is selected.
INFO - 14:47:21: ... 100%|██████████| 5/5 [00:00<00:00, 449.42 it/sec, obj=-4.51e+3]
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimization result:
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimizer info:
INFO - 14:47:21: Status: None
INFO - 14:47:21: Message: Maximum number of iterations reached. GEMSEO Stopped the driver
INFO - 14:47:21: Number of calls to the objective function by the optimizer: 7
INFO - 14:47:21: Solution:
WARNING - 14:47:21: The solution is not feasible.
INFO - 14:47:21: Objective: -3831.8061828224563
INFO - 14:47:21: Standardized constraints:
INFO - 14:47:21: lift - 0.5 = -0.002338332392893716
INFO - 14:47:21: Design space:
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | name | lower_bound | value | upper_bound | type |
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | thick_airfoils | 5 | 25 | 25 | float |
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: *** End MDOScenario execution (time: 0:00:00.014400) ***
INFO - 14:47:21:
INFO - 14:47:21: *** Start MDOScenario execution ***
INFO - 14:47:21: MDOScenario
INFO - 14:47:21: Disciplines: Mission Structure
INFO - 14:47:21: MDO formulation: DisciplinaryOpt
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimization problem:
INFO - 14:47:21: minimize -range(thick_panels)
INFO - 14:47:21: with respect to thick_panels
INFO - 14:47:21: subject to constraints:
INFO - 14:47:21: reserve_fact(thick_panels) <= 0.5
INFO - 14:47:21: over the design space:
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | name | lower_bound | value | upper_bound | type |
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | thick_panels | 1 | 1.765277777433633 | 20 | float |
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: Solving optimization problem with algorithm NLOPT_SLSQP:
INFO - 14:47:21: ... 0%| | 0/5 [00:00<?, ?it]
INFO - 14:47:21:
ERROR - 14:47:21: NLopt run failed: NLopt roundoff-limited, RoundoffLimited
INFO - 14:47:21: ... 60%|██████ | 3/5 [00:00<00:00, 515.99 it/sec, obj=-3.82e+3]
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimization result:
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimizer info:
INFO - 14:47:21: Status: None
INFO - 14:47:21: Message: GEMSEO Stopped the driver
INFO - 14:47:21: Number of calls to the objective function by the optimizer: 4
INFO - 14:47:21: Solution:
INFO - 14:47:21: The solution is feasible.
INFO - 14:47:21: Objective: -3818.589637887974
INFO - 14:47:21: Standardized constraints:
INFO - 14:47:21: reserve_fact - 0.5 = -1.332978172285948e-10
INFO - 14:47:21: Design space:
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | name | lower_bound | value | upper_bound | type |
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | thick_panels | 1 | 3.414587193256478 | 20 | float |
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: *** End MDOScenario execution (time: 0:00:00.013066) ***
INFO - 14:47:21:
INFO - 14:47:21: *** Start MDOScenario execution ***
INFO - 14:47:21: MDOScenario
INFO - 14:47:21: Disciplines: Aerodynamics Mission
INFO - 14:47:21: MDO formulation: DisciplinaryOpt
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimization problem:
INFO - 14:47:21: minimize -range(thick_airfoils)
INFO - 14:47:21: with respect to thick_airfoils
INFO - 14:47:21: subject to constraints:
INFO - 14:47:21: lift(thick_airfoils) == 0.5
INFO - 14:47:21: over the design space:
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | name | lower_bound | value | upper_bound | type |
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | thick_airfoils | 5 | 25 | 25 | float |
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: Solving optimization problem with algorithm NLOPT_SLSQP:
INFO - 14:47:21: ... 0%| | 0/5 [00:00<?, ?it]
INFO - 14:47:21:
WARNING - 14:47:21: Optimization found no feasible point ! The least infeasible point is selected.
INFO - 14:47:21: ... 40%|████ | 2/5 [00:00<00:00, 756.82 it/sec, obj=-3.82e+3]
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimization result:
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimizer info:
INFO - 14:47:21: Status: 5
INFO - 14:47:21: Message: NLOPT_MAXEVAL_REACHED: Optimization stopped because maxeval (above) was reached
INFO - 14:47:21: Number of calls to the objective function by the optimizer: 8
INFO - 14:47:21: Solution:
WARNING - 14:47:21: The solution is not feasible.
INFO - 14:47:21: Objective: -4490.5401741987625
INFO - 14:47:21: Standardized constraints:
INFO - 14:47:21: lift - 0.5 = 0.009181047336962123
INFO - 14:47:21: Design space:
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | name | lower_bound | value | upper_bound | type |
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | thick_airfoils | 5 | 5 | 25 | float |
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: *** End MDOScenario execution (time: 0:00:00.009935) ***
INFO - 14:47:21:
INFO - 14:47:21: *** Start MDOScenario execution ***
INFO - 14:47:21: MDOScenario
INFO - 14:47:21: Disciplines: Mission Structure
INFO - 14:47:21: MDO formulation: DisciplinaryOpt
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimization problem:
INFO - 14:47:21: minimize -range(thick_panels)
INFO - 14:47:21: with respect to thick_panels
INFO - 14:47:21: subject to constraints:
INFO - 14:47:21: reserve_fact(thick_panels) <= 0.5
INFO - 14:47:21: over the design space:
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | name | lower_bound | value | upper_bound | type |
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | thick_panels | 1 | 3.414587193256478 | 20 | float |
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: Solving optimization problem with algorithm NLOPT_SLSQP:
INFO - 14:47:21: ... 0%| | 0/5 [00:00<?, ?it]
INFO - 14:47:21:
ERROR - 14:47:21: NLopt run failed: NLopt roundoff-limited, RoundoffLimited
INFO - 14:47:21: ... 60%|██████ | 3/5 [00:00<00:00, 516.50 it/sec, obj=-4.5e+3]
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimization result:
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimizer info:
INFO - 14:47:21: Status: None
INFO - 14:47:21: Message: GEMSEO Stopped the driver
INFO - 14:47:21: Number of calls to the objective function by the optimizer: 4
INFO - 14:47:21: Solution:
INFO - 14:47:21: The solution is feasible.
INFO - 14:47:21: Objective: -4503.59456876238
INFO - 14:47:21: Standardized constraints:
INFO - 14:47:21: reserve_fact - 0.5 = -2.689262146304827e-10
INFO - 14:47:21: Design space:
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | name | lower_bound | value | upper_bound | type |
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | thick_panels | 1 | 3.256301635564776 | 20 | float |
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: *** End MDOScenario execution (time: 0:00:00.013041) ***
INFO - 14:47:21: ... 57%|█████▋ | 4/7 [00:00<00:00, 28.21 it/sec, obj=-4.51e+3]
INFO - 14:47:21:
INFO - 14:47:21: *** Start MDOScenario execution ***
INFO - 14:47:21: MDOScenario
INFO - 14:47:21: Disciplines: Aerodynamics Mission
INFO - 14:47:21: MDO formulation: DisciplinaryOpt
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimization problem:
INFO - 14:47:21: minimize -range(thick_airfoils)
INFO - 14:47:21: with respect to thick_airfoils
INFO - 14:47:21: subject to constraints:
INFO - 14:47:21: lift(thick_airfoils) == 0.5
INFO - 14:47:21: over the design space:
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | name | lower_bound | value | upper_bound | type |
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | thick_airfoils | 5 | 5 | 25 | float |
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: Solving optimization problem with algorithm NLOPT_SLSQP:
INFO - 14:47:21: ... 0%| | 0/5 [00:00<?, ?it]
INFO - 14:47:21:
INFO - 14:47:21: ... 100%|██████████| 5/5 [00:00<00:00, 386.94 it/sec, obj=-4.51e+3]
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimization result:
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimizer info:
INFO - 14:47:21: Status: None
INFO - 14:47:21: Message: Maximum number of iterations reached. GEMSEO Stopped the driver
INFO - 14:47:21: Number of calls to the objective function by the optimizer: 7
INFO - 14:47:21: Solution:
INFO - 14:47:21: The solution is feasible.
INFO - 14:47:21: Objective: -3854.081803199325
INFO - 14:47:21: Standardized constraints:
INFO - 14:47:21: lift - 0.5 = 0.0
INFO - 14:47:21: Design space:
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | name | lower_bound | value | upper_bound | type |
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | thick_airfoils | 5 | 24.35677419636821 | 25 | float |
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: *** End MDOScenario execution (time: 0:00:00.016261) ***
INFO - 14:47:21:
INFO - 14:47:21: *** Start MDOScenario execution ***
INFO - 14:47:21: MDOScenario
INFO - 14:47:21: Disciplines: Mission Structure
INFO - 14:47:21: MDO formulation: DisciplinaryOpt
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimization problem:
INFO - 14:47:21: minimize -range(thick_panels)
INFO - 14:47:21: with respect to thick_panels
INFO - 14:47:21: subject to constraints:
INFO - 14:47:21: reserve_fact(thick_panels) <= 0.5
INFO - 14:47:21: over the design space:
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | name | lower_bound | value | upper_bound | type |
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | thick_panels | 1 | 3.256301635564776 | 20 | float |
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: Solving optimization problem with algorithm NLOPT_SLSQP:
INFO - 14:47:21: ... 0%| | 0/5 [00:00<?, ?it]
INFO - 14:47:21:
ERROR - 14:47:21: NLopt run failed: NLopt roundoff-limited, RoundoffLimited
INFO - 14:47:21: ... 40%|████ | 2/5 [00:00<00:00, 780.42 it/sec, obj=-3.84e+3]
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimization result:
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimizer info:
INFO - 14:47:21: Status: None
INFO - 14:47:21: Message: GEMSEO Stopped the driver
INFO - 14:47:21: Number of calls to the objective function by the optimizer: 3
INFO - 14:47:21: Solution:
INFO - 14:47:21: The solution is feasible.
INFO - 14:47:21: Objective: -3843.3818343295015
INFO - 14:47:21: Standardized constraints:
INFO - 14:47:21: reserve_fact - 0.5 = 8.733991307963151e-11
INFO - 14:47:21: Design space:
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | name | lower_bound | value | upper_bound | type |
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | thick_panels | 1 | 3.303233602225065 | 20 | float |
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: *** End MDOScenario execution (time: 0:00:00.009710) ***
INFO - 14:47:21:
INFO - 14:47:21: *** Start MDOScenario execution ***
INFO - 14:47:21: MDOScenario
INFO - 14:47:21: Disciplines: Aerodynamics Mission
INFO - 14:47:21: MDO formulation: DisciplinaryOpt
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimization problem:
INFO - 14:47:21: minimize -range(thick_airfoils)
INFO - 14:47:21: with respect to thick_airfoils
INFO - 14:47:21: subject to constraints:
INFO - 14:47:21: lift(thick_airfoils) == 0.5
INFO - 14:47:21: over the design space:
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | name | lower_bound | value | upper_bound | type |
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | thick_airfoils | 5 | 24.35677419636821 | 25 | float |
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: Solving optimization problem with algorithm NLOPT_SLSQP:
INFO - 14:47:21: ... 0%| | 0/5 [00:00<?, ?it]
INFO - 14:47:21:
WARNING - 14:47:21: Optimization found no feasible point ! The least infeasible point is selected.
INFO - 14:47:21: ... 40%|████ | 2/5 [00:00<00:00, 730.87 it/sec, obj=-3.85e+3]
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimization result:
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimizer info:
INFO - 14:47:21: Status: 5
INFO - 14:47:21: Message: NLOPT_MAXEVAL_REACHED: Optimization stopped because maxeval (above) was reached
INFO - 14:47:21: Number of calls to the objective function by the optimizer: 8
INFO - 14:47:21: Solution:
WARNING - 14:47:21: The solution is not feasible.
INFO - 14:47:21: Objective: -4492.389203681739
INFO - 14:47:21: Standardized constraints:
INFO - 14:47:21: lift - 0.5 = 0.008585874885500111
INFO - 14:47:21: Design space:
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | name | lower_bound | value | upper_bound | type |
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | thick_airfoils | 5 | 5 | 25 | float |
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: *** End MDOScenario execution (time: 0:00:00.010274) ***
INFO - 14:47:21:
INFO - 14:47:21: *** Start MDOScenario execution ***
INFO - 14:47:21: MDOScenario
INFO - 14:47:21: Disciplines: Mission Structure
INFO - 14:47:21: MDO formulation: DisciplinaryOpt
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimization problem:
INFO - 14:47:21: minimize -range(thick_panels)
INFO - 14:47:21: with respect to thick_panels
INFO - 14:47:21: subject to constraints:
INFO - 14:47:21: reserve_fact(thick_panels) <= 0.5
INFO - 14:47:21: over the design space:
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | name | lower_bound | value | upper_bound | type |
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | thick_panels | 1 | 3.303233602225065 | 20 | float |
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: Solving optimization problem with algorithm NLOPT_SLSQP:
INFO - 14:47:21: ... 0%| | 0/5 [00:00<?, ?it]
INFO - 14:47:21:
INFO - 14:47:21: ... 80%|████████ | 4/5 [00:00<00:00, 426.42 it/sec, obj=-4.5e+3]
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimization result:
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimizer info:
INFO - 14:47:21: Status: None
INFO - 14:47:21: Message: Successive iterates of the objective function are closer than ftol_rel or ftol_abs. GEMSEO Stopped the driver
INFO - 14:47:21: Number of calls to the objective function by the optimizer: 5
INFO - 14:47:21: Solution:
INFO - 14:47:21: The solution is feasible.
INFO - 14:47:21: Objective: -4504.850157627395
INFO - 14:47:21: Standardized constraints:
INFO - 14:47:21: reserve_fact - 0.5 = 1.6281845205412537e-08
INFO - 14:47:21: Design space:
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | name | lower_bound | value | upper_bound | type |
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | thick_panels | 1 | 3.264536841336751 | 20 | float |
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: *** End MDOScenario execution (time: 0:00:00.015294) ***
INFO - 14:47:21:
INFO - 14:47:21: *** Start MDOScenario execution ***
INFO - 14:47:21: MDOScenario
INFO - 14:47:21: Disciplines: Aerodynamics Mission
INFO - 14:47:21: MDO formulation: DisciplinaryOpt
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimization problem:
INFO - 14:47:21: minimize -range(thick_airfoils)
INFO - 14:47:21: with respect to thick_airfoils
INFO - 14:47:21: subject to constraints:
INFO - 14:47:21: lift(thick_airfoils) == 0.5
INFO - 14:47:21: over the design space:
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | name | lower_bound | value | upper_bound | type |
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | thick_airfoils | 5 | 5 | 25 | float |
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: Solving optimization problem with algorithm NLOPT_SLSQP:
INFO - 14:47:21: ... 0%| | 0/5 [00:00<?, ?it]
INFO - 14:47:21:
INFO - 14:47:21: ... 100%|██████████| 5/5 [00:00<00:00, 376.88 it/sec, obj=-4.51e+3]
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimization result:
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimizer info:
INFO - 14:47:21: Status: None
INFO - 14:47:21: Message: Maximum number of iterations reached. GEMSEO Stopped the driver
INFO - 14:47:21: Number of calls to the objective function by the optimizer: 7
INFO - 14:47:21: Solution:
INFO - 14:47:21: The solution is feasible.
INFO - 14:47:21: Objective: -4509.5196419107815
INFO - 14:47:21: Standardized constraints:
INFO - 14:47:21: lift - 0.5 = -0.00013691254268788366
INFO - 14:47:21: Design space:
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | name | lower_bound | value | upper_bound | type |
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | thick_airfoils | 5 | 5 | 25 | float |
INFO - 14:47:21: +----------------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: *** End MDOScenario execution (time: 0:00:00.016689) ***
INFO - 14:47:21:
INFO - 14:47:21: *** Start MDOScenario execution ***
INFO - 14:47:21: MDOScenario
INFO - 14:47:21: Disciplines: Mission Structure
INFO - 14:47:21: MDO formulation: DisciplinaryOpt
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimization problem:
INFO - 14:47:21: minimize -range(thick_panels)
INFO - 14:47:21: with respect to thick_panels
INFO - 14:47:21: subject to constraints:
INFO - 14:47:21: reserve_fact(thick_panels) <= 0.5
INFO - 14:47:21: over the design space:
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | name | lower_bound | value | upper_bound | type |
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | thick_panels | 1 | 3.264536841336751 | 20 | float |
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: Solving optimization problem with algorithm NLOPT_SLSQP:
INFO - 14:47:21: ... 0%| | 0/5 [00:00<?, ?it]
INFO - 14:47:21:
INFO - 14:47:21: ... 80%|████████ | 4/5 [00:00<00:00, 469.13 it/sec, obj=-4.51e+3]
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimization result:
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimizer info:
INFO - 14:47:21: Status: None
INFO - 14:47:21: Message: Successive iterates of the objective function are closer than ftol_rel or ftol_abs. GEMSEO Stopped the driver
INFO - 14:47:21: Number of calls to the objective function by the optimizer: 5
INFO - 14:47:21: Solution:
INFO - 14:47:21: The solution is feasible.
INFO - 14:47:21: Objective: -4509.58328735659
INFO - 14:47:21: Standardized constraints:
INFO - 14:47:21: reserve_fact - 0.5 = 6.781846195735852e-10
INFO - 14:47:21: Design space:
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | name | lower_bound | value | upper_bound | type |
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | thick_panels | 1 | 3.225021426576647 | 20 | float |
INFO - 14:47:21: +--------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: *** End MDOScenario execution (time: 0:00:00.014029) ***
INFO - 14:47:21: ... 100%|██████████| 7/7 [00:00<00:00, 17.77 it/sec, obj=-4.51e+3]
INFO - 14:47:21: ... 100%|██████████| 7/7 [00:00<00:00, 17.69 it/sec, obj=-4.51e+3]
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimization result:
INFO - 14:47:21: Optimizer info:
INFO - 14:47:21: Status: None
INFO - 14:47:21: Message: Maximum number of iterations reached. GEMSEO Stopped the driver
INFO - 14:47:21: Number of calls to the objective function by the optimizer: 9
INFO - 14:47:21: Solution:
INFO - 14:47:21: The solution is feasible.
INFO - 14:47:21: Objective: -4509.243436177997
INFO - 14:47:21: Standardized constraints:
INFO - 14:47:21: lift - 0.5 = 5.555555621883368e-05
INFO - 14:47:21: reserve_fact - 0.5 = -0.1583333321191276
INFO - 14:47:21: Design space:
INFO - 14:47:21: +-------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | name | lower_bound | value | upper_bound | type |
INFO - 14:47:21: +-------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: | sweep | 10 | 25 | 35 | float |
INFO - 14:47:21: +-------+-------------+-------+-------------+-------+
INFO - 14:47:21: *** End MDOScenario execution (time: 0:00:00.406911) ***
Total running time of the script: ( 0 minutes 2.195 seconds)